Download WP 2.5 & 2.6

COUNTRY STUDY - POLAND
POLISH PROGRAMME
OF MOTORWAYS CONSTRUCTIONS
- BARRIERS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Prof. Jan Burnewicz, dr Monika Bak
University Of Gdansk
Highways: cost and regulation in Europe
Workshop in Bergamo, November 26th- 27th 2004
STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER






Polish „network” of motorways – comparison with
other European countries;
Brief history of motorways construction in Poland;
Practical realisation of the programme from the
beginning of nineties;
Significance of motorways in Polish transport and
economic systems;
Evolution of financing conceptions;
EU funds.
MOTORWAYS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Imbalance between growth rate of road network
and number of vehicles in Poland in the years 1946-2004
Years
Annual growth
rate of total road
network (%)
Annual growth
rate of motorway
network (%)
Annual growth
rate of number of
vehicles (%)
1946-1960
0.81
0.00
18.45
1961-1975
2.12
0.00
8.14
1976-1990
1.61
4.40
5.59
1991-2004
0.82
6.70
4.14
106,3
Average in Europe
POLISH „NETWORK”
- COMPARISON WITH
OTHER COUNTRIES
Malta
0,0
Latvia
0,0
Island
0,0
5,0
10,3
27,9
32,4
38,3
41,0
44,0
50,3
54,9
Romania
Poland
Turkey
Irland
Norwey
Bulgaria
Hungary
Czech Rep.
Slovakia
60,2
UK
68,8
70,0
Estonia
Greece
111,9
116,0
119,9
142,8
143,1
161,1
167,8
167,9
Italy
Finland
Lithuania
Netherlands
Germany
Portugal
France
Belgium
171,9
Sweden
177,8
Denmark
202,3
218,4
230,8
237,7
260,3
Austria
Slovenia
Switzerland
Length of motorways in Europe
per 1 million of citizens in 2001
Spain
Luxembourg
366,4
Cy prus
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
350,0
400,0
POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND
OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES
339
235
334
UE 15 - 479
259
335
number of passenger cars
per 1000 citizens
229
430
238
426
1990
2000
PRIVATE MOTORISATION GROWTH
Number of passenger cars per 1000
citizens
POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND
OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES
2.1
6.4
UE 15 – 16,3
1.3
density of motorways
in km per 1000 km2
22
6.6
6.04
EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYS
Density of motorways
in km per 1000 km2
4.8
21.4
1990
2001
EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYS NETWORK
IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1990-2004 IN KM
550
523,0
500
463,4
450
386,5
400
405,1
355,0
in km
350
319,5
300
282,0
250,5
250
200
204,0
209,0
215,0
219,0
219,0
219,0
199,2
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
150
100
50
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF
MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND
PLANNED MOTORWAYS
date of a plan - 1972
Plan of 1946
EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF
MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND
PLANNED MOTORWAYS
AND EXPRESSWAYS
date of a plan - 1991
PLANNED MOTORWAYS
for the years 2003-2013
date of a plan - 2003
Legend
existing motorways
planned motorways
granted concessions
planned concessions
cities
l
other roads
motorways
expressways
PAID AND FREE
MOTORWAYS IN
POLAND
No
Total
length
(in km)
Realisation
564
17.5 km – section in
operation (in the central
Poland),
new investments –
predicted start at 2005
651
F
P
P
50
km
P
F
under construction,
already completed 150
km
779
under construction,
already completed 350
km
21
already completed 14
km, planned
modernisation of the
remaining section
70
NOVEMBER 2004, 523 KM
modernisation from
2005
F
F
F
P
F
CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATION
OF MOTORWAYS IN CONCESSION SYSTEM
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A-1
Gdansk
Transport
Company,
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concession in
1997,
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Realisation no
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A-2
Autostrada
Wielkopolska
S.A – concession
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in 1997
Realisation –
150 km,
Tolls – 150 km
(3x2.6 EUR)
A2
A4
1995 – Agency of Motorways Construction
and Exploitation advertised for tenders
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A1
A-4 (exploitation)
Stalexport
Autostrada
Małopolska S.A –
concession in 1997
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Realisation –
starting charging
Tolls – 61 km
(2.3 EUR)
IMPACTS OF FUTURE MOTORWAYS
- short term
Year
Length
of
motorways
under construction (in km)
Employment (number of
persons per year)
2000
2004
2008
2012
8.6
162.9
122.8
67.0
1720 32580
24560 13400
COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTS
OF 150 KM OF A-1, A-2, A-4 MOTORWAYS
AND RAIL LINE (in 2010)
Type
of
the
network – effect of
investment in 2010
Rail 2-lines link,
electrified, increase
of speed from 70 to
160 km/h
Motorway A-1: 2 x
2
traffic
lanes,
(instead of national
road)
GdanskTorun
Motorway A2 and
A4: 2 x 2 traffic
lanes (instead of
national road)
% of
goods
traffic
Annual
Annual
Ratio of
growth of
growth of
Total growth Investment annual growth
% of
goods
pass.
of transport expenditures of transport
transport
passenger transport
service to
service value
in million
traffic service value
service
in million PLN
PLN
investment
in million
value in
expenditures
PLN
million PLN
70
30
405
79
484
2 250
0.21
30
70
739
253
992
3 000
0.33
30
70
887
304
1 190
3 750
0.32
IMPACT OF MOTORWAYS ON GDP IN
REGIONS ADHERENT TO THE MOTORWAYS
km
A-1
565
A-2
441
A-4
545
total 1551
Population in the GDP in the area
Persons per GDP in million
area of motorways
of motorway
1 km of
PLN per 1 km of
2x50 km (thousand
2x50 km in
motorway
motorway
persons)
million PLN
11187.9
179852.4
19802
318
7392.8
134484.1
16764
305
10751.5
169628.0
19728
311
29332.3
483964.5
18912
312
GDP growth
2003-2010 in
million PLN
per1 km
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
EVOLUTION OF FINANCING
CONCEPTIONS
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Until 1993 – traditional budget funds,
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1993 – Programme of Motorways Construction,
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1994 - Act of paid motorways - state budget 10-15%,
BOT system,
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2000 – National Motorways Fund (revenues from vignettes,
loans, emission of bonds, etc.), not operated in practice,
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2002 - Replacing toll system by vignette system (for all
users), ABiEA joined to GDDP – forming central GDDKiA,
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2003 – stop the vignette project.
NEW LEGAL AND ORGANISATIONAL
INITIATIVES (2003-2004)
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Act of specific rules of preparation and realisation of
investments in the scope of national roads,
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Act amending an act of paid motorways of 1994 –
replacing National Motorways Fund by National Road
Fund – suppied by new fuel charge,
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Fuel charge introduced in 2004
- 105 PLN per 1 ton of fuel,
estimated revenues in 2004 = 1537 PLN (ca. 319 million EUR),
(in 2003 state budget expenditures for motorways construction
– 85 million PLN)
EU FUNDS – SUPPORT FOR MOTORWAYS
CONSTRUCTION IN POLAND 2004-2006
Sectoral Operational Programme - Transport
Strategy of Use Cohesion Fund in Transport
Integrated Programme of Regional Development
Increase of transport infrastructure investments up to 1.8% of GDP,
until 2008 new 255 km of motorways
FINAL REMARKS
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Good potential for new investments:
– supply side - economic and social development,
satisfactory progress in transformation,
- demand side – boom of private motorisation, dynamic
increase of road freight carriages,
Weak effects:
- organisational barriers,
- insufficient financial means,
- social and political conflicts.