Download Survey of bacteria

Composed by
Bas Kooijman
Survey of bacteria
Planctobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Endobacteria
Proteobacteria
Actinobacteria
Togobacteria
Eurybacteria
Sphingobacteria
Korarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
Heliobacteria
Spirochaetae
Hadobacteria
Nanoarchaeota
Thaumarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Lipobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between
the two membranes; outer membrane of phospholipids
acyl ester lipids; lipopolysaccaride absent
no flagellar shaft outside membrane
Spirochaeta (Spirochaetae)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Chloroflexus (Chlorobacteria Hadobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Deinococcus (Deinobacteria Hadobacteria)
One cell from a tetrad
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Heliobacteria
Heliobacterium modesticaldum
Heliorestis species
Glycobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between the two
membranes; phospholipids in inner leaflet, lipopolysaccharides in
outer leaflet
acyl ester lipids
small recognition RNA (in Proteobacteria)
RuBisCo may be present
if present, flagella pass through outer membrane
Eurybacteria
Selenobacteria
Selenomonas, Sporomusa
Fusobacteria
Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia
Fibrobacteria
Fibrobacter
Selenomonas palpitans from sheep rumen liquor
Planctomyces (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Gemmata (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Poribacteria
Bacterial types in the sponge Aplysina aerophoba
1 Long rods with membrane-bound nuclear region
and S-layer-type outer membrane, cell division
by septation
2 Short fat rods with membrane-bound nuclear
region and electron-dense cytoplasm
3 D-shaped cells with clear membrane-bound
nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane
4 Rods with clear membrane-bound nuclear region
and gram-negative outer membrane
5 Rods with clear, membrane-bound nuclear region
and S-layer-type outer membrane
6 Rods with membrane-bound compartment that is
devoid of DNA; the compartment contains most
of the RNA, while the DNA is restricted to the
cytoplasm; the outer membrane contains budding
appendages; there is an unusually wide
periplasmic space and a phenotypic resemblance
to G. aurantiaca
Fieseler,L, Horn, M., Wagner, M. and Hentschel1, U. (2004)
Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “Poribacteria” in Marine Sponges
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 70: 3724–3732
Anabaena (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
S external layer (slime or sheath) N nucleoplasmic region
C carboxysome
OM outer memebrane
PP polyphosphate granule
PL peptidoglycan layer
CP cyanophycin granule
CM cytoplasmic membrane
GG glycogen granules
CW cell wall
TH thylakoid
CY cytoplasma
PB phycobilisome
E cell envelope
GV gas vesicle
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of
Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Prochloron (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Pleurocapsa (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic
bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Chamaesiphon (Gloeobacteria Cyanobacteria)
A bud enlarges
B unequal fission
C forming reproductive pole, r
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic
bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Nitrobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Azotobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Stigmatella (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Bdellovibrio (Proteobacteria)
From:
Prescott, L.M. et al 1996
Microbiology.
WCB, Dubuque
Caulobacter (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Ancalomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic
bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Pedomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
1 mother cell with hyphae and buds
2 young bud
3 mature bud with flagellum
4 swarmer cell
5 young mother cell attached to surface
6 mature mother cell, beginning bud formation
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic
bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Myxococcus (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Leucothrix (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic
bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Saprospira (Flavobacteria Sphingobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Chlorochromatium (Chlorobibacteria Sphingobacteria)
(= Chlorochromatium)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Posibacteria
(Gram-positive bacteria plus mycoplasmas, thermotogales)
single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane
large signal recognition RNA
acyl ester lipids; murein widespread
Streptomyces (Actinobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Bacillus (Endobacteria)
From: Margulis, L. & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Prescott, L.M. et al 1996 Microbiology.
WCB, Dubuque
Mycoplasmas (Aphragmabacteria Endobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Thermogota (Togobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Archaebacteria
single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane
large signal recognition RNA
isoprenoid ether lipids; murein absent
presence of N-linked glycoprotein (as in eukaryotes and some other bacteria)
Nanoarchaeum equitans (Nanoarchaeota)
Found at 90°C in submarin vents
Epibiontic on Archaebacterium Ignicoccus,
which grows anaerobically on S, H2, CO2
and produces H2S
Intracellular membranes present
Diameter 400 m, genome size 0.5 Mbp
After: Huber, H., Hohn, M. J., Rschel, R. and others
2002 A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized
hyperthermophilic symbiomt, Nature 417: 63 - 67
Euryarchaeota
Archaeoglobi
Halobacteria
Methanobacteria
Methanococci
Methanomicrobia
Methanopyri
Thermococci
Thermoplasmata
Methanobacterium
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Halobacteria sp. strain NRC-1
each cell about 5 μm long.
Thermoplasma (Thermoplasmata Euryarchaeota)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
(Thaumarchaeota)
Cenarchaeales
Nitrosopumilales
(Crearchaeota)
Acidilobales
Desulfurococcales
Sulfolobales
Thermoproteales
Korarchaeum (Korarchaeota )
Korarchaeum cryptofilum