Download Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry
Study of carbon-containing compounds
and their properties
Why Organic Chemistry?
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Polymers
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Nylon, velcro, kevlar, PVC(polyvinyl chloride)
Artificial sweeteners, plastics,medicines
Biomolecules
Types of Compounds
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Hydrocarbons: compounds that are
composed of carbon and hydrogen
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Saturated: each carbon has only single bonds
Unsaturated: has multiple bonds
Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes: contain C=C double bonds
Alkynes: carbon-carbon triple bonds
Alkanes
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Normal, straight chain (unbranched)
General formula CnH2n+2
Naming Alkanes
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Choose the number of Carbons
1. meth
Ending -ane
2. eth
3. prop
4. but
5. pent
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
6. hex
7. hept
CH3CH2CH3
8. oct
9. non
10. dec
Alkanes
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Structural Isomers:
when two molecules
have the same atoms
but different bonds.
Alkenes
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CnH2n
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Polymerization: unsaturated hydrocarbons,
a process in which many small molecules
are joined together to form a large
molecule
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Aromatic hydrocarbons: vanillin, cinnamon,
wintergreen. All have a six-membered ring
of carbon atoms called a benzene ring.
C6H6
Alkynes
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CnH2n-2
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Ending -yne
Functional Groups: Hydrocarbon
derivatives
Alcohols
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Methanol: wood alcohol
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Ethanol: found in beverages
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Used in racing engines
Starting material for synthesis of acetic acid
Gasohol (gasoline + ethanol)
Isopropanol: rubbing alcohol
Aldehydes and Ketones
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Contain carbonyl group
Ketones: have 2 carbon bonds
Aldehydes have one hydrogen
Ketones: end in –one
Aldehydes: end in -al
R-C-R
O
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
O
O
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R-C
-C
O-H
Carboxylic acid
-oic acid
O-R
Esters: sweet, fruity odor
Banana: n-amyl acetate
O
CH3C
OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Oranges: n-octyl acetate
CH3C-OC8H17
O