Download PowerPoint - Structural and Geometric Isomers

Isomers
Structural Isomers
CH3
1. a)
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
Butane (C4H10)
CH3 CH CH3
2-methylpropane (C4H10)
2.
CH2 CH CH2 CH3
1-butene
CH3
CH2 C
CH3
2-methylpropene
CH3 CH CH CH3
CH2 CH2
2-butene
CH2
CH2 CH
CH2 CH2
CH3
cyclobutane methylcyclopropane
3. a) C4H8 has more isomers because the
position of the double affects the name and
because ring structures can be drawn.
4.
aldehyde
ketone
ether
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
C
H
H
H
O
H
C
C
C
H
H
H H
H
C
C
H
CH3 H
O
H
H
H
OH
C
C
C
H
H H
H
OH H
C
C
C
H
O
H
alcohols
H
C
H
C
C
H
H
H
C
H H
C
H
OH
C
H
H
5. The OH bond is polar, the CO bond is less
polar, thus the alcohol would have the
higher boiling point and be soluble in water.
6. b) 1,2-dichloroethene requires cis or trans.
1,2-dichloroethane does not require cis or
trans because they would both represent the
same molecule (to move chlorine from the
same side to opposite sides only requires
that the C – C single bond be rotated).
7.
CH
CH3
3
CH3
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
CH3
trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
CH3
CH3
8. 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane
9. a) not isomers (they don’t have the same
chemical formula: C5H12 vs. C5H10)
b) structural isomers
c) geometric isomers
d) not isomers (both diagrams represent the
exact same molecule)
Polymers
11. Monomer: the smallest repeating unit of a
polymer (propene in polypropylene).
Polymer: a long chain molecule made up of
many small identical units (monomers).
Addition polymerization: a reaction in which
unsaturated monomers combine with each
other to form a polymer.
12. Teflon, polypropylene, polyester,
polyethylene (pop bottles, grocery bags),
polystyrene (packing material), Plexiglas,
polyvinyl chloride (vinyl), natural rubber, etc.