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STORMS pg. 452-451
The Blizzard of 1978
In February 1978, a huge blizzard hit the northeastern United States.
Weather stations recorded hurricane-force winds, and many cities
received record-breaking amounts of snow. The storm hovered over
New England, and heavy snow fell for almost 33 hours without letting
up.
In Massachusetts, people driving on highways abandoned their
cars when the snow became too deep to drive through. Rescuers used
cross-country skis and snowmobiles to help evacuate the roads.
Stranded drivers returned home any way they could. The governor of
Massachusetts declared a state of emergency. He called in the
National guard to clear the roads of snow. It took almost a week until
the roads opened again.
Answer the following questions.

1. What do you think made the blizzard so dangerous.

2. Besides the hurricane-force winds and the roads filling with snow,
what other hazards do you think the blizzard caused?
Storm Video

http://www.redorbit.com/news/video/education_1/1112777058/wh
at-is-a-storm/
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http://www.discoveryeducation.com/connectwithweather/
Storm

Storm: is a violent disturbance in the atmosphere

It involves sudden changes in air pressure, which cause rapid air
movements.

There are 4 types of storms: winter storms, thunderstorms, hurricanes,
and tornadoes.
Winter Storms

All year round, most precipitation begins in clouds as snow. If the air
is colder than 0 degrees Celsius all the way to the ground, the
precipitation falls as snow.

Some places in New York get a lot more snow than others. In an
average winter, nearly 3 meters of snow fall on these cities due to
lake-effect snow.

Lake-Effect Snow: A cold, dry air moves across the warmer water, it
becomes more humid as water vapor evaporates from the lake
surface. When the air reaches land and cools, lake effect snow falls.
Thunderstorms
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Thunderstorms: a small storm accompanies by heavy precipitation
and frequent thunder and lighting.
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They form in large cumulonimbus clouds, known as thunderheads,
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These clouds form on hot humid afternoons or evenings.

They also form when warm air is forced upward along a cold front.

How Thunderstorms form: When warm, humid air rises rapidly within a
cumulonimbus cloud.

Lighting: a sudden spark, or electrical discharge, as these charges
jump between a cloud and the ground.
Clouds
Clouds
Hurricanes

Hurricanes: A tropical cyclone with winds of 119km/h or higher.

They form in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean, they are simply
called cyclones.

A hurricane begins over warm ocean water as a low pressure area
or a tropical disturbance. If it grows in size and strength, it becomes
a tropical storm, which may then become a hurricane.
Saffir/Simpson Scale

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1 to 5 rating based on a
hurricane's sustained wind speed. This scale estimates potential
property damage. Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher are
considered major hurricanes because of their potential for
significant loss of life and damage.
Saffir/Simpson Scale



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Category 1- 74-95 mph Well-constructed frame homes could have roof
damage, damage to shingles, or gutters.
Category 2- 96-110 mph Well-constructed frame homes could sustain
major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be
snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads.
Category 3- 111-129 mph Well-built framed homes may incur major
damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends.
Category 4- 130-156 mph Well-built framed homes can sustain severe
damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior
walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles
downed.
Category 5- 157 or higher mph A high percentage of framed homes will
be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and
power poles will isolate residential areas.
Tornadoes

Tornadoes: Rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches own
from a thunderstorm to touch Earth’s surface.
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If a tornadoes occurs over a lake or ocean, its called a waterspout.

How they form: They most commonly develop in thick
cumulonimbus clouds. These are the same clouds that bring
thunderstorms.

Tornados often occur when thunderstorms are likely. This may
happen in spring and early summer, late in the afternoon when the
ground is warm.
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Tornado Alley-Pg. 448
Tornado Alley Zone
Fujita Scale

Fujita Scale: named by scientist Dr. Theodore Fujita, it is used to rank
tornadoes by the amount of damage caused.
Fujita Scale
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EF0- (65-85 mph) Branches broken off trees (light damage)
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EF1- (86-110 mph) Mobile homes overturned (moderate)
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EF2- (111-135 mph) Trees uprooted (considerable)
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EF3- (136-165 mph) Roofs and walls torn down (severe)
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EF4-(166-200 mph) Houses leveled (devastating)
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EF5- (200 + mph) Houses carried away (incredible)
Storm PowerPoint Project

The teacher will assign you a type of storm

The PowerPoint must have a title page with the name of your storm
example (Tornado, Hurricane, Winter storm, etc.)

You must have slides that explain how they form, pictures, and one
event that has happened. For example: In February 1978 a major
Blizzard occurred.

Your slides in order: You need at least 4 slides
1)
Title Page (Name of storm, and your name)
2)
How your storm formed
3)
Pictures of your storm
4)
One event that happened, you will have to google or research this
(includes date, and details on what happened that day)