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ELECTRICITY: CIRCUITS & CURRENTS CIRCUITS VS. CURRENTS Electrical circuit: a closed loop where charged particles flow Electrical current: a flow of charged particles (e-) Direct current (DC): a flow of charged particles in one direction only Alternating current (AC): a flow of charged particles in either direction (1st in one direction, then the other) CURRENT The amount of electrons that pass a given point in one second. Current = I Unit = Ampere (amp) 1 ampere = 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 (6.25 x 1018) electrons passing a point in 1 second 1 amp = 1,000 mA VOLTAGE The electrical pressure or force Voltage = V Unit = volts Sometimes referred to as electric potential difference Compare to water in a pipe: water = epressure = voltage POWER The work performed by an electrical current Power = P Unit = watt RESISTANCE The degree to which a conductor hinders the flow of charged particles Resistance = Ohm Unit = Ω No conductor is perfect. Some current is lost (usually to heat) OHM’S LAW Ohm's law = the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Formulas: P = I x V P = energy/time V=IxR I=V/R R=V/I