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Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant “Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we do.” Confucius MJP56022 1 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Our Learning… • Recap Learning • Learn about Kant’s equations – two formulations of the Categorical Imperative. MJP56022 2 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Recap Learning MJP56022 3 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant • • • • • FOR KANT… We have freedom – therefore we need to be moral. Morality can’t be subjective Reason (intellect) is the ultimate judge / authority. Goodwill is the only intrinsically good thing. Duty is King for Kant. MJP56022 4 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Kant says that every time we come up against a moral dilemma, we should shorten that moral dilemma to produce a MAXIM – which is a proposed rule of action we can deduce from the dilemma…. E.G. A nasty big bully has just punched me on the nose. I want to punch him back, so I will. MAXIM – Use force on someone if they have used force on you… or …. Revenge is ok. MJP56022 5 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant An Imperative is a command. A categorical imperative is what Kant used to test maxims. If the maxim passes, it is our duty to act. A hypothetical imperative contains an ‘if’. A moral imperative is a moral command which is conditional upon nothing else. MJP56022 6 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant If you had studied economics, you will have learned that, when making anything, you have the following diagram…. INPUT PROCESS MJP56022 OUTPUT 7 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Well – we kind of have to do the same kind of diagram to understand Kants Categorical Imperative… INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT MAXIM CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVES WHETHER KANT THINKS WE MUST ACT OR NOT ACT MJP56022 8 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Pages 25 – 27 of the Notes Page 28 Exercise MJP56022 9 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant FIRST FORMULATION THE LAW “ ActUNIVERSAL only on the maxim through which you can, at the same time, UNIVERSALISABILITY will that it be a universal law” MJP56022 10 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant “ Act only on the TREAT PEOPLE AS YOU maxim through WOULD LIKE THEM TO which you can, at TREAT YOU will the same time, that it beRULE a THE GOLDEN universal law” MJP56022 11 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant You need to learn these definitions off by heart… MJP56022 12 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant KANT BACKGROUND & DEFINITIONS TEST ON MONDAY MJP56022 13 Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant Our Learning… • Recap Learning • Learn about Kant’s equations – two formulations of the Categorical Imperative. MJP56022 14
