Download PERSUASIVE RHETORIC - Grosse Pointe Public School System

PERSUASIVE RHETORIC
RHETORIC
• Is the art of communicating ideas
PERSUASIVE RHETORIC
• Consists of reasoned arguments in favor
of or against particular beliefs or courses
of action
BE PERSUASIVE!
• To be effectively persuasive, a work generally
has to engage both the mind and the emotions
of the audience, making them think that the
problem the work deals with is important enough
for them to care about how it is resolved.
• Also, the writer needs to show that his or her
position is rational and has a firm moral basis.
LOGICAL APPEALS
• Provide rational arguments to support
writers’ claims and are supported with
objective evidence.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• A writer can develop an argument
deductively, by beginning with a
generalization, or premise, and proceeding
to marshal examples and facts that
support it.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
• Or a writer can begin with examples or
facts and proceed to draw a conclusion
from them.
EMOTIONAL APPEALS
• Are often based on specific examples of
suffering or potential threats.
• Emotional appeals can also include
“loaded language” – language that is rich
in connotations and vivid images.
ETHICAL APPEALS
• Are based on shared moral values and call
forth the audience’s sense of right, justice,
and virtue.
PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES
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Elevated Language
Rhetorical Questions
Repetition
Parallelism
Elevated Language
• Formal words and phrases can lend a
serious tone to a discussion.
Rhetorical Questions
• Questions that don’t require answers.
• Writers pose rhetorical questions to show
that their arguments make the answers
obvious.
Repetition
• Repeating a point tells the audience that it
is especially important; repeating a form of
expression tells the audiences that the
ideas expressed in the same way are
related.
Parallelism
• Is a form of repetition.
• The writer uses similar grammatical forms
or sentence patterns to express ideas of
equal importance.
TO BE AN EFFECTIVE
PERSUASIVE WRITER:
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Clearly state the issue and a position.
Give an opinion and support it with facts.
Take opposing views into account.
Use sound logic and effective language.
Conclude by summing up reasons or
calling for action.
STRATEGIES FOR READING
PERSUASIVE RHETORIC
• Identify the problem that is addressed and the
solution that is proposed.
• Analyze the writer’s presentation of his or her
argument. What rhetorical tools does the writer
use?
• Analyze the evidence used to support the
argument. What facts support the writer’s
opinions?
STRATEGIES FOR READING
PERSUASIVE RHETORIC
• Consider how the writer appeals to logic,
emotions, and ethics of the audience.
• Evaluate the credibility of the writer. What
motivations lie behind each work?
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Pg. 260-261 The Language of Literature