Download Biological Diversity

Biological Diversity
1. Algae
2. Archegoniate
3. Spermatophyta
Characteristics of Algae
1. Eukaryotes
2. Most unicellular, but some multicellular
3. Autotrophic
4. Produce oxygen that is returned to the
atmosphere
5. Range in size from microscopic to hundreds of
feet in length
6. Do not have true roots, stems, nor leaves
7. Form gametes (eggs & sperm)
8. Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil
habitats
9. Most have flagella
Phylum
Chlorophyta
(Green Algae)
Phaeophyta
(Brown Algae)
Rhodophyta
(Red Algae)
Bacillariophyta
(Diatoms)
Structure of
Thallus
Pigments
Food
Storage
Cell Wall
composition
Chlorophyll a & b
Carotenoids
Starch
Mainly Cellulose
Multicellular
Chlorophyll a & c
Carotenoids
Fucoxanthin
Peridinin
Laminarin
Cellulose
Algin
Multicellular
Chlorophyll a & d
Phycobilins
Carotenoid
Starch
Cellulose
CaCO3
Unicellular
Some Colonial
Chlorophyll a & c
Carotenoids
Xanthophyll
Starch
Pectin
SiO2
Unicellular
Colonial
Filamentous
Multicellular
Phylum
Dinoflagellata
(Dinoflagellates)
Chrysophyta
(Golden Algae)
Euglenophyta
(Euglenoids)
Structure of
Thallus
Pigments
Food
Storage
Cell Wall
composition
Unicellular
Chlorophyll a & c
Carotenoids
Starch
Cellulose
Unicellular
Some Colonial
Chlorophyll a & c
Xanthophyll
Carotenoids
Laminarin
Cellulose
Unicellular
Chlorophyll a & b
Carotenoids
Xanthophyll
Paramylon
No Cell
Wall Pellicle
Different shapes of algae
Different shapes of algae
Different shapes of algae
Chlorophyta : Chlamydomonas
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
Phaeophyta
Fucus
Rhodophyta
Gelidium
Bacillariophyta
(Diatoms)
Centric diatoms :
Cyclotella
Pennate diatoms :
Navicula
Dinoflagellata:(Dinoflagellates
Chrysophyceae
Mallomonas
Euglenophyta
Euglena
Archegoniate
Archegonium : The female organ
Antheridium : The male organ
Typical alternation of generations life cycle
Typical alternation of generations life cycle
Bryophytes
1.Bryophytes are small, nonvascular
plants.
2.Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and
have life cycles dominated by the
gametophyte phase.
3.Roots are absent in bryophytes,
instead there are root-like structures
known as rhizoids.
Moss Life cycle
Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants have
specialized transporting cells xylem (for
transporting water and mineral nutrients)
and phloem (for transporting sugars from
leaves to the rest of the plant).
Pteridophytes are larger and more complex
than bryophytes, and have a life cycle
where the sporophyte is more prominent
than the gametophyte.
Vascular tissues development
Fern Life cycle
Spermatophyta
The Seed Plants
Alternation of Generations
Seed producing plants can be divided
into two groups
• Gymnosperms - produce seeds but
the seeds are not contained inside
any structure. These plants have
cones.
• Angiosperms - the seeds are
produced inside and “ovary” which
becomes the fruit. These plants have
flowers.
Development of A Gymnosperm seed
Development of A Gymnosperm seed
Flowering Plant Reproduction
Flower Structure
Seed
Structure