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Flowering Time FT Flower Meristem Identity APETALA1, LEAFY, CAULIFLOWER, (TERMINAL FLOWER) Flower Organ Identity A, B, C Fruit Development FRUITFULL, SHATTERPROOF INDEHISCENT Goethe believed that floral organs are derived from leaves Goethe, 1790 4 3 2 1 carpel stamen C sepal C petal A stamen 1 2 3 petal sepal B B A normal flower What gene prevents the B gene from being active in the center of flowers? B C carpel C sepal petal stamen A A stamen petal sepal B In SUPERMAN mutants (SUP), the B activity expands into the center of the flower and converts the two carpels into two stamens. B C C A stamen stamen stamen petal sepal sepal petal A B Superman mutant The SUPERMAN gene normally functions to prevent B gene activity in the center of flowers B C C A stamen stamen stamen petal sepal sepal petal A B C stamen petal sepal A carpel sepal petal stamen normal B C BC mutant ?? B A A A A A C A A A * sepal sepal sepal B sepal sepal sepal C stamen petal sepal A carpel sepal petal stamen normal BC mutant B A A BC double mutant all organs are sepals What happens if the A, B and C genes are all inactivated in the ABC triple mutant? B C carpel C sepal petal stamen A A stamen petal sepal B B C C stamen petal sepal A carpel sepal petal stamen normal ABC mutant ?? B A C * leaf leaf leaf C leaf leaf leaf B stamen petal sepal A carpel sepal petal stamen normal ABC mutant B A “ABC” triple mutant all organs are leaves Goethe believed that floral organs are derived from leaves Goethe, 1790 petal stamen sepal carpel sepal leaf The C gene is active in cells that will form stamens and carpels petal stamen sepal carpel sepal leaf What would happen if the C gene was mis-expressed in cells that would normally form sepals? ON/OFF stamens and carpels remove on/off switch: add sepal on/off switch: sepals C GENE CODING REGION C stamen petal sepal A carpel sepal petal stamen normal B B C A A stamen stamen stamen petal sepal sepal petal Ectopic B activity B B C C A A C B stamen petal petal petal petal stamen stamen Ectopic B activity C A B Ectopic B activity stamen stamen stamen stamen stamen stamen stamen Ectopic B and C activity B B C C Ectopic B and C activity Ectopic A and B activity in C mutant B petal petal petal B * A petal petal petal A Ectopic A and B activity in a C mutant
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