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Transcript 
DNA microarray
Research Integration
Biology
Electronics, physics
Statistics
(data analysis)
Optics
(signal detection)
Chemistry
(surface modification)
Engineering
(microfluidic, microfabrication, robotic automation…)
Basic Research
Sequencing/resequencing
Diagnosis
Drug Discovery
Crop Improvement
Gene Expression
Gene Discovery
Genotyping (SNPs)
Disease Barcoding, Drug Susceptibility
Preparation of DNA solution for microarray
Collections of ESTs, library clones...
96-well plate
PCR amplification
PCR product purification
Re-racking
Quality control
384-well plate
DNA printing solution
Printing of DNA microarray
Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html
Each spot represents
different gene/clone
Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html
DNA microarray probe preparation
cDNA labeling with
fluorescent dyes
Flowers
mRNA isolation
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
Leaves
AAAAA AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
DNA microarray hybridization
Flower
Leaf
Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html
Labeled DNA hybridizes to
corresponding DNA/gene
Modified from http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/array2.html
Cy3: ~550 nm
Cy5: ~650 nm
Laser excitation
Image overlay
No changes
Flower up-regulated genes
Leaf up-regulated genes
Arabdidopsis 11.5K microarray
Cy3 labeled cDNA from etiolated seedlings
Cy5 labeled cDNA from green leaves
Detection of cross hybridization
Girke et al. 2000
Correlation between protein and mRNA levels
Gygi et al. 1999
Plant functional genomics
Basic mechanism of plant growth and development
Application in agricultural biotechnology
增加農作物產量
創造高營養價值之農作物
創造具高適應力之農作物
利用農作物作為生物反應器
DNA microarray
and beyond….
Insertion site identification from knockout population
Mahalingam and Fedoroff, PNAS (2001) 13, 7420-7425
DNA copy number detection
Pollack et al. 1999
DNA-protein interaction
Iyer et al. Nature (2001) 409,533-38
Protein-protein interaction (protein microarray)
MacBeath et al. (2000) Science 289, 1760-3
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