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MELIACEAE
eurosids I
rosids
magnoliids
monocots
core eudicots
eudicots
Bursera bark
Meliaceae (Mexico)
Trichilia
MELIACEAE (SAPINDALES, EUROSIDS II)
NUMBERS: 51 Genera, 575 species
GEOGRAPHY: pantropical (a few subtropical)
HABITAT: forest trees
ROSID CHARACTERS: petals separate, androecium diplostemonous
SAPINDALES CHARACTERS: woody plants with compound leaves, stipules absent
CHARACTERS DIAGNOSTIC OF FAMILY:
Habit trees (rarely shrubs)
Bark often bitter and astringent (like Simaroubaceae, which lacks stamen tube).
Leaves alternate, mostly pinnately compound; leaflets usually entire
Flowers small, weakly colored, and radially symmetrical
Filaments connate, anthers attached inside tube (this character unites the family)
Disk inside stamens, adjacent to ovary (the common situation in rosids and as terids).
Fruit mostly either dry and dehiscent to yield w inged seeds or fleshy (berry or drupe), all
carpels survive in fruit (like Sapindaceae, un like Anacardiaceae)
Swietenia - the new world mahogany
Swietenia - the new world mahogany
Guarea - fleshy fruits,
indeterminate leaves
NEEM: Azadirachta indica,
MELIACEAE
terpenoids
triterpenoids
azadirachtin
azadirachtin
ecdysterone
General
structure of
steroids
MELIACEAE
•rosid trees
•small, pale, radially symmetrical
flowers
•alternate. compound leaves
•no stipules
•stamen tube
SAPINDACEA
Blighia
SAPINDACEAE
•rosid trees and lianas
•small, pale, radially
symmetrical flowers
•alternate. even-compound
leaves
•lianas with forked tendrils
•no stipules
•stamens inside of disk
SAPINDACEAE (SAPINDALES, EUROSIDS II)
NUMBERS: 150 Genera, 2000 species (300 lianas)
GEOGRAPHY: pantropical
HABITAT: commoner in drier forests, present throughout
ROSID CHARACTERS: petals separate, androecium
diplostemonous
SAPINDALES CHARACTERS: woody plants with compound
leaves, stipules absent
CHARACTERS DIAGNOSTIC OF FAMILY:
Habit lianas and trees
Leaves alternate, often parapinnate (no terminal leaflet)
Flowers small and not colorful, either radially or bilaterally
symmetrical (bilateral symmetry rare in rosids except legumes
and Polygalales
Disk outside of stamens (adjacent to petals)
Gynoecium 3-carpellate
Fruit 3-carpellate (all carpels survive), papery or fleshy, with large,
often arillate, seeds
Cupania
Blighia - the Jamaican ackee
Harpullia, Sapindaceae
Sapindaceous creepers and lianas
Paullinia
Adding cambial centers
to make a corded liana
stem in Sapindaceae
Sapindaceous
creepers and lianas
Serjania
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Tetrapteris
One group of compounds that has demonstrated significant toxic effects on
some pests
of modern man have been discovered in the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) (A.
Juss.).
The most active constituent, azadiractin (AZA), a triterpenoid, has been shown
to
have properties including feeding and ovipositional deterrence, repellency,
growth
disruption, reduced fitness, and sterility in a number of species of
hemimetabolous
and holometabolous insects (Ascher and Meisner 1989; Shmutterer 1990).
Research has
been focused on controlling agricultural pests as well as medically important
arthropods with products derived from neem.
Much more at
http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/panel
la.html