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LEC
05
Families – Part I
FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 05
Dr. Donald P. Althoff
Botany in a Day Approach
• Looking for ___________
• Wildflowers of North America by Venning is
organized by family
• Recommends Plant Identification Terminology
by Harris and Harris (you have it)
• http://www.wildflowers-andweeds.com/Plant_Families/Plant_Families_Index.html has
ID
images by family…but mostly from Rocky Mtn.
region
Set I (________)
garlic mustard
early winter cress
• Mustard family
• Mint family
wild mint
Virginia
mountain mint
• Parsley family
wild parsnip
• Pea family
(Bean)
partridge pea
Mustard Family
• TAXONICALLY: _______________
(previously Cruciferae)
• annuals/biennal herbs and forbs
• well know species:
broccoli = cabbage = cauliflower
turnip = Chinese cabbage
rapeseed
common radish
horseradish
Mustard Family
flowering parts patterns
• Start from the outside and work in….
• “outside” of flower: _______, usually green
• there are ________typically arranged in “__”
or “__” pattern
1
4
3
2
3
1
2
4
X – pattern
H – pattern
garlic mustard
hairy rock cress
previously __________ family…translates to “cross”
Mustard Family
“inside” flowering parts patterns
• _______—__ tall and __ short (surround pistil
that is usually taller than the stamen)
2
1
3
4
1
2
perennial pepperweed
Mustard Family
“key”
• _______________________—4 tall and 2 short
2
1
3
4
1
2
garlic mustard (A)
black mustard (A)
white mustard (A)
Indian mustard (A)
field mustard (rape) (A)
watercress
Dame’s rocket (A)
cuckcoo-flower
shepard’s purse (A)
pepperweeds (A)
Dame’s rocket (A)
field mustard (rape) (A)
cut-leaved toothwort
cuckcoo flower
Mustard Family
• All species of this family are _______…some
eat “fruit”, many eat the leaves.
• Most species are considered ‘______’ (hence
the many “alien” species noted already)
• Alien species do well at “_________” sites
• _____ fast, _____________ in the growing
season…therefore ____ plants
Mustard Family – seed/seedpod
• Many shapes and sizes. Seed pods “spilt”
open from both sides to expose a clear
membrane in the middle.
Shepard’s purse
mustard seed
Mustard Family – seedpod
• All seedpods come from _______ on the
flower stalk.
shepard’s purse
peppergrass
garlic mustard
Mustard Family – use your senses
• Each has unique ______ and ______
• General “mustardness”
• Can ID as a family member by _________
leaves and smelling them
Mint Family
• TAXONICALLY: ___________
(previously Labiatae)
• perennial herbs and forbs
• well know species:
wild mint
catnip
purple dead-nettle
henbit
peppermint
lavender
Mint Family
stalk and leaf patterns
• Distinctive ________ stems
• Simple, ________ leaves
Mint Family
stalk and leaf patterns
CROSS-SECTION:
distinctive __________
stem, with small
pith/hollowness
_________, simple leaves
Mint Family
seed capsule
Flower matures to a
seed capsule
containing 4 _______
Each nutlet contains
__________ seeds
Mint Family –senses & seasons
• Each has unique _______ and ________
• General “___________” quality to most
(exceptions include water-horehounds
and bugleweeds)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants
ex.
Heal-all
Henbit
ex.
wild mint
bugleweed
water-horehound
Mint Family
“key”
• Square stalks/stems, opposite leaves, often
aromatic
Virginia mountain
wild mint
white dead-nettle (A)
purple giant hyssop
curled mint (A)
peppermint (A)
spearmint (A)
rough hedge-nettle
gill-over-the-ground (A)
(= ground ivy)
Mint Family
flowering parts patterns
• ___________: __ long,
__ short
• ___________: __ lobes
up and __ down
• ____________
1
2
2
1
Mint Family
flowering parts patterns
• 5 united petals: 2 lobes
up and 3 down 
Note: ____________
 4 stamens: 2 long, 2 short
common dittany
Virginia mountain mint
catnip
blue giant hyssop
Bee-balm = Oswego tea
Note: _________
Mint Family – use your senses
• Each has unique taste and smell
• General “mint-ness” from volatile oils
(concentrated hydrophobic liquid)
• Can ID as a family member by crushing
leaves and stalk and dried flowers…and
smelling them
Parsley (Carrot) Family
• TAXONICALLY: __________
(previously Umbelliferae)
• annual, biennial, perennial herbs and forbs
• well know species:
poison hemlock (A)
caraway (A)
wild carrot
(Queen Anne’s lace)(A)
yellow pipernel
Parsley Family
flower head patterns
• Distinctive ____________ consisting of
umbellets
All stems of
flower cluster
radiate from
__________ at
end of stalk
poison hemlock
All stems of flower cluster radiate
from single point at end of stalk
Parsley Family
key ID: “the single point” + umbel
> _ pt.
> _ pt.
common yarrow
All stems of
flower cluster
radiate from
_________ at
end of stalk
Queen
Anne’s lace
Parsley Family
stem patterns
• Distinctive _____________
• Most species…especially two of the most
dangerous: ___________ and _______
__________
Parsley Family
Miscellaneous
• Many are invasive (Queen Anne’s lace,
poison hemlock)
• Many do well in “moist” waste areas (ex.
poison hemlock and water hemlock)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants
Parsley Family
cautions!
• Some edible, some not (i.e. poisonous)
• _____________ of some can be lethal
• Some can case __________ by touching
wild parsnip
Bean (Pea) Family
• TAXONICALLY: ____________
(previously Leguminosae)
• annual, biennial, perennial herbs, forbs, & trees
• well know species:
wild blue indigo
beans
wild
alfalfa
locust (black & honey)
vetch
clover (red, white, etc.)
Bean Family
flower head patterns
• _________ flowers
• __ petals form distinctive _______, ______,
and _____—keel consist of 2 fused petals (for
most)
banner
wings
keel
red clover
Difficult to see the
banner-wing-keel design
“details” for some
species with a very close
look—mainly due to
_________ flower size!
crimson clover
Bean Family
pods design
• ________ pods
• Often with _________ divided leaf with many
smaller leaflets
alfalfa
garden variety peas Kentucky coffee tree
As __________ they
form a pea-like pod.
Seeds found within the
seed pod.
wild
blue
indigo
alfalfa
partridge pea
American hog peanut
Pinnately compound
leaves
alfalfa
sessile
__________
_________
red
panicled tick-trefoil
slender bush
Bean (pea) Family
Miscellaneous
• Legumes = nitrogen fixers. Most welcome
in most instances. Traditional grain crop
rotation used to be:
corncornbeans…back to corn
• Some are invasive (see next slide)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants
ex.
alfalfa
peas
clovers
ex.
tickseeds
soybeans
A. hogpeanut
________________= Chinese lespedeza
Lespedeza cuneata
Highly _______
in prairie /
pasture habitat
Bean Family
Taxonomically-speaking
• ________ (i.e., quasi-subfamily designation)
• 8 tribes total
• Clover-like species in clover tribe (one genus:
Trifolium = ________________)
• Bean-like species in bean tribe
Next time…
• Lily
• Mallow
• Aster
• Poaceae (again)
Botany in a Day
…con’t