Download pharmacognosy herbalism 2

Alfalfa
Source: Leaves and flowering tips of medicago 
sativa Fabaceae
Constituent: alkaloids, coumarine, falvone. 
Uses: bactericidal, cardiotonic, diuretic, emetic. 
Common application: urinary and bowel problem,
peptic ulcer.
Presentation: infusion, tablet 
Daily dose :10-15 gm. 
ADR:- SLE. GIT upset, reversible blood 
abnormalities
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Alfalfa
Aloe vera
Source: from jelly like mucilage from Aloe vera 
Liliaceae
Constituent: anthraquinone glycosides,mono and
polysaccharide, lipid, saponins, minerals
Uses: cathartic, assist healing of wounds and 
burns.
Common application: hair care product and 
sunburn preparation.
Presentation: Gel, lotion, ointment and creams. 
Daily dose :none documented. 
ADR: ingestion of gel adulterated with leaves 
cause diarrhoea
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Aloe vera Liliaceae
German Chamomile
Source: flowers of Matricaria chamomilla Asteraceae 
Constituent: alpha bisabolol, flavonoids, coumarins 
Uses: antispasmodic. Anti-inflammatory, mild sedatives
Common application:digestive upset and indigestion, 
inflammation, teething, insomnia and anxiety.
Presentation:dried flower head , liquid extract, tincture,
tea, ointment, creams.
Daily dose :1.5-3 g taken orally three times daily. 
ADR: allergy. 
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German chamomile
Black cohosh
Source: Rhizomes and roots of Cimicifuga 
racemosa Ranunculaceae
Constituent: Alakaloids, tannins, terpenoids 
Uses:some oestrogenic activity. 
Common application:stimulation of menstruation,
treatment of menopausal symptomes,
premenstrual syndrome
Presentation:dried rhizome, liquid extract and 
tincture.
Daily dose : dried rhizomes 0.3-2 g or decoction
3three times daily, 0.3-2 ml liquid extract.
ADR: premature birth, 
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Black Cohosh
Blue cohosh
Source: root and rhizome of Caulophyllum 
thalictroides
Constituent: alkaloids. Saponins. 
Uses: antispasmodic antirheumatic. 
Common application: amenorrhea, 
threatened abortion.
Presentation: dried rhizomes or root and 
liquid extract.
Daily dose :root and rhizomes 0.3-1 g 
ADR: not used during pregnancy, not self 
medication.
Blue cohosh
Blue cohosh
Fever few
Source: aerial parts specially leaves of Tanacetum
parthenium(chrysanthemum parthenium”
Constituent: sesqueterpen lactone, melatonin. 
Uses: treatment and prevention of migrain, antiinflammatory.
Common application: Migraine, arthritis. 
Presentation: fresh leaves, capsule, tablet. 
Daily dose : 50mg-1.2 powdered leaves. 
ADR: mouth ulceration, GIT disturbances, 
inflammation of lips and mouth.
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Feverfew flowers
Hawthorn
Source: extract from berry leaves, flowers of 
different species of crataegus.
Constituent: flavonoids 
Uses: benefecial effect on coronary blood flow, 
blood pressure and hearty rate.
Common application: hypotension and treatment
of angina.
Presentation: decoction, liquid extract, capsule. 
Daily dose : 5 g drug or 900 mg extract. 
ADR: possible interaction with orthodox 
hypotensive drugs.
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hawthorn
Echinaceae
Source: the rhizome and root of Echinaceae 
pallidae
Constituent: polysaccharide, glycoprotein 
Uses: immunostimulant”increases phagocytosis:,
anti-inflammatory.
Common application: common cold, fever, upper
respiratory tract infections.
Presentation: liquid extract, tincture, capsules 
Daily dose :6-9 ml of the juice. 
ADR: nausea, allergy, not to be used more than 8
days
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