Download FLOWERING PLANTS

Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom Plantae
• They are complex, multicellular organisms
• The cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and other
organelles
• They have chlorophyll and can make their own
food by photosynthesis
• Most of them are anchored to the ground, and
only parts of the body can move slightly as a
result of growth
• They live on land and in water
Classification of Plants
Plants
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Mosses
Monocots
Dicots
NON-FLOWERING
PLANTS
Non-Flowering Plants
Non-flowering plants DO NOT produce flowers!
Major groups include:
• Mosses
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms
Mosses
• They are the simplest plants
• They have simple stems and leaves but NO
roots. Instead, they have some hair-like
structures called rhizoids arising from the base
of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in
the soil and absorb water and minerals
Rhizoids
Mosses
• They are the simplest plant
• They have simple stems and leaves but NO
roots. Instead, they have some hair-like
structures called rhizoids arising from the base
of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in
the soil and absorb water and minerals
• They do not have vascular tissues
• They reproduce by releasing spores from
capsules to be dispersed by wind
Mosses
• They are the simplest plant
• They have simple stems and leaves but NO
roots. Instead, they have some hair-like
structures called rhizoids arising from the base
of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in
the soil and absorb water and minerals
• They do not have vascular tissues
• They reproduce by releasing spores from
capsules to be dispersed by wind
• They grow in damp places in land
Mosses
Mosses
Ferns
• They have roots, underground stems and leaves.
The leaves are usually divided into small parts
• They have vascular tissues for transporting water,
minerals and food substances. The system also
supports the plant body
• Ferns reproduce by releasing spores from sporeproducing organs on the underside of the leaves
• They are found mainly in damp and shady places
Spore-Producing Organs
Ferns
Gymnosperms
• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well
developed roots, woody stems and needleshaped leaves
Needle-Shaped Leaves
Gymnosperms
• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well
developed roots , woody stems and needleshaped leaves
• They have efficient vascular tissues
• They produce male and female cones which
contain reproductive structures. The seeds
needed for reproduction are not enclosed by
fruits and are called naked seeds. These seeds
are held in female cones. When mature, the
seeds are dispersed by wind
Male pine cones
Female pine cones
Gymnosperms
• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well
developed roots , woody stems and needle-shaped
leaves
• They have efficient vascular tissues
• They produce male and female cones which contain
reproductive structures. The seeds needed for
reproduction are not enclosed by fruits and are called
naked seeds. These seeds are held in female cones.
When mature, the seeds are dispersed by wind
• They are adapted to grow in relatively dry places
Examples of Gymnosperms
• Pines
• Cycads
FLOWERING
PLANTS
(Angiosperms)
Flowering Plants
Flowering plants DO produce flowers!
They may be in the form of:
• Herbaceous plants
• Shrubs
• Trees
Flowering Plants
• They can be found in different habitats such
as forests, grasslands, dry lands and
wetlands
• They have well developed roots, stems and
leaves
• They have vascular tissues
• They produce flowers that develop into fruits.
The fruits contain seeds, which can develop
into new plants
Flowering Plants
Monocotyledons
(Monocots)
Dicotyledons
(Dicots)
Monocotyledonous
Plants
Monocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf)
in the seed (e.g. corn)
Definition of a cotyledon: a simple embryonic
leaf in seed-bearing plants, which, in some
species, forms the first green leaf after
germination
Monocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf)
in the seed (e.g. corn)
• The veins on the leaves are usually parallel
Notice that the veins are all
running parallel to one
another
Monocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf)
in the seed (e.g. corn)
• The veins on the leaves are usually parallel
• Most of them are herbaceous plants (plants
with no woody stem)
• Flower parts are in multiples of three
Examples of Monocots
•
•
•
•
Grass
Orchid
Lily
Our 4 most important food – corn, rice,
wheat and barley – all came from
monocots
Barley
Maize
Grass
Orchid
Wild Rice
Lily
Dicotyledonous
Plants
Dicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in
the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
2 first leaves
Dicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in
the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
• The veins on the leaves are usually in
network form
Notice that the veins are all
branching out and forming
a network
Dicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in
the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
• The veins on the leaves are usually in
network form
• They cab be trees, shrubs (a low, woody
plant) or herbs
• Flower parts are in multiples of four or five
Bauhinia
Examples of Dicots
•
•
•
•
Dandelion
Sunflower
Rose
Most flowering trees such as oak, walnut,
willow, apple, papaya, etc.
Dandelion
Sunflower
Oak Tree
Rose
Papaya Tree
Monocots vs. Dicots
• One Cotyledon
• Two cotyledons
• Veins in parallel
form
• Veins in network
form
• Petals in multiples
of three
• Petals in multiples
of four of five
Summary of the Plant Kingdom
Plants
Non-Flowering Plants
Flowering Plants
Spore-Bearing Plants Naked Seed Plants
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms Monocotyledonous Plants
Mosses
(With one seed leaf)
(No vascular tissues;
with simple stems and
Ferns
leaves but no roots)
(With vascular tissues;
with roots, underground
stems and leaves)
Dicotyledonous Plants
(With two seed leaves)