Download INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS

INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS
Kingdom Plantae
28 Jan. 2013
Intro-Plants.ppt
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Plants are different
from animals!
Be prepared to
Journal…
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Intro-Plants.ppt
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Plants are different
• Cell walls of cellulose
– complex carbohydrate
• Acquire energy by
photosynthesis
– Chloroplasts with
chlorophyll a, b
– Chlorophyll reflects
green part of visual
spectrum
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Journal the following:
• Different structural
adaptations of
plants?
• Different life cycles
in a plant:
sporophyte vs.
gametophyte
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• How Plant life
cycle is different
than animal life
cycles?
• What is the good
and bad about
asexual
propagation?
Intro-Plants.ppt
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Plants are different
• Plant body
– Shoot: stem (nodes, internodes),
leaves, reproductive structures (flowers,
cones, etc.);usually above ground
– Root: usually below ground, in soil
• Variations
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Plant Body
• Shoot system
–
–
–
–
Stem & branches
Leaves
Nodes & internodes
Reproductive
structures
• Root system
– Primary roots
– Branch roots
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Plants are different
• Plant body: Shoot &
Root with vascular
tissues
 Xylem
• water & minerals UP
 Phloem
• sap DOWN
 Cambium
• cell division for xylem
& phloem
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Plants are different
• Growth at meristems
• Apical meristem
• ”primary” growth
(length)
• Lateral meristem =
vascular cambium
• “secondary” growth
(girth)
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Plant Life Cycles are different
Alternation of generations
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Plants are different
• Life Cycle = Alternation of generations.
Sporophyte generation (diploid, 2n)
Gametophyte generation (haploid, 1n)
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Sexual Life Cycle
• Generalized life
cycle of sexually
reproducing
species.
 Fertilization
 Meiosis
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Animal Life Cycle
• Multicellular diploid
 Zygote, embryo,
 young (larva), adult
• Unicellular haploid
 sperm or egg
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Plant life cycle
• Alternation of
generations:
• Diploid sporophyte
• Haploid gametophyte
 multicellular
 sperm or egg
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Plant life cycle
Example: fern
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Plant life cycle
Example: flowering plant
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Asexual propagation
• Plants often reproduce
asexually
–
–
–
–
–
runners,
rhizomes,
tubers
roots form new shoots
fragmentation (willow,
privet, Forsythia)
• Used by nurseries to
propagate varieties
– ornamental plants (roses,
crepe myrtle)
– fruit trees (apple, etc.)
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Asexual propagation
• Advantages:
• One individual can reproduce
• Copies a successful genome exactly!
• offspring are clones of parent;
• offspring expected to be as successful as
parent
• May be faster
• no time for courtship, pollination, etc.
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Asexual propagation
• Disadvantages:
• All offspring are genetically identical.
• If environment changes, all are equally
disadvantaged.
• (Sexual reproduction produces
variation in offspring. Mixes genes
from two parents.)
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