Download BUGS, NATURE & YOU We Can Get Along!

By Vincent Mannino
County Extension Director – Fort Bend
1,350,000 Living Species
of Plants & Animals
800000
700000
600000
400000
300000
800,000
(60%)
500000
200000
100000
0
Population
Bugs
Plants
Animals
Major Arthropod Classes
(jointed foot)
Species Percentages
 Insecta = 90%
 Arachnida = 6%
 Crustacea = 2.5%
 Chilopoda & Diplopoda = 1.5%
Insecta
 Body composed of 3 divisions.
 Head bears 1 pair of antennae and one pair
of compound eyes and up to 3 simple eyes.
 Thorax bears 3 pair of legs and 1-2 pairs of wings.
 Abdomen bears the ovipositor.
Arachnida
 Body composed of 2 divisions
 cephlathorax (head+thorax)
 abdomen.
 Antennae are absent
 Eyes are simple
 4 pairs of legs attached to
cephlathorax
 Mainly terrestrial.
Banana spider
Crustacea
 Mostly aquatic
 Breathe by gills
 2 pairs of antennae
 4 or more pairs of legs
 some modified for swimming
Chilopoda &
Diplopoda
 Terrestrial
 Breathe by air tubes
 Legs on each body segment
 Chilopoda – 1 pair
 Diplopoda – 2 pairs
Centipede
 One pair of antennae
 Chilopoda has poison
glands behind the head.
Millipede
The World of Insects
250,000 U. S. SPECIES
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NEI
EP
B
 Not Economically
Important - 225,000
(90%)
 Economic Pests 7,500 (3%)
 Beneficial - 17,500
(7%)
Basic Economic
Pest Categories
 Key Pests
 Occasional Pests
 Secondary pests
Key Pests
Those which
cause
economic
losses and/or
misery almost
annually.
Occasional Pests
Those which
infrequently cause
economic losses;
generally due to
specific weather
factors.
Secondary Pests
Those occasional
pests or non-pests
which cause
economic losses
due to a man-made
disruption.
External Anatomy
of an Insect
Ways Insects
Damage Plants
Chew, tunnel, & mine leaves, stems, fruit and
roots.
Pierce and suck leaves, stems and fruit
Cause egg-laying damage and use plant parts
for nesting
Inject toxins into leaves and
disseminate disease
Mouthparts
stylet
hook
coil
snout
sponging
mandibles
Legs Types
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
running;
jumping;
digging;
grasping;
catching;
walking & digging;
reduced leg used for
walking & digging;
H. walking on water
Antennae
Wings
Lacey
Membranous
Insect Growth &
Development
Types of Metamorphosis
No Metamorphosis
Gradual
Metamorphosis
Incomplete
Metamorphosis
Complete
Metamorphosis
No Metamorphosis
Gradual
Metamorphosis
Incomplete
Metamorphosis
Complete
Metamorphosis
Order COLEOPTERA
The Beetles
Diverse, 40% of all insects
Complete metamorphosis
Chewing mouthparts
Wings - 4, front wings
being elytra
Variable antennae
Order: COLLEMBOLA
The Springtales
None are harmful
Fercula present
No metamorphosis
Chewing mouthparts
No Wings
Antennae - short,
filiform
Order: DERMAPTERA
The Earwigs
Large cerci, scavengers
Gradual Metamorphosis
Chewing mouthparts
Wings - 4, leathery, short
Antennae - filiform
Order: DIPTERA
The Flies
Diverse
Excellent flyers
Sponging or sucking
mouthparts
Complete metamorphosis
Wings - 2, rear wings reduced
to halteres
Antennae - short bristle-like or
filiform
Order: EPHEMEROPTERA
The Mayflies
Short-lived (for a day)
Long cerci
Mouthparts: adults have none,
naiads have chewing
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Wings - 4, large, membranous
Short filiform-type antennae
Order: HEMIPTERA
The True Bugs (stinkbugs)
 Comments: Sap feeders
 Sucking Mouthparts
 Gradual Metamorphosis
 Wings - 4, front wings are
hemeltyra
 Antennae - generally long,
filiform
 All have a scutellum
Order: HOMOPTERA
CICADAS, HOPPERS, WHITEFLY, APHIDS, SCALES
 Most diverse group,
 Sap-feeders
 Sucking Mouthparts
 Gradual Metamorphosis
 Wings - 4, similar in form, held
roof-like
 Antennae - filiform to bristlelike
Order: HYMENOPTERA
WASPS, BEES, ANTS
Many beneficial species
Chewing to modified sucking
mouthparts
Complete metamorphosis
Wings - 4, membranous
Antennae - 10+ segments
Order: ISOPTERA
TERMITES
Comments: Highly social,
wood feeders
Chewing Mouthparts
Gradual Metamorphosis
Wings - 4 (on reproductives),
equal in size
Antennae - Moniliform,
filiform
Order: LEPIDOPTERA
MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES
Comments: Larvae mostly
plant feeders
Larvae have chewing
mouthparts, adults have
sucking
Complete metamorphosis
Wings - 4, scaly
Variable antennae
Order: NEUROPTERA
ALDERFLIES, LACEWINGS, ANTLIONS,...
Comments: Most all are
beneficial
Mouthparts - Chewing, sucking
Complete metamorphosis,
larvae predaceous
Wings - 4, with many cross
veins
Antennae - filiform
Order: ODONATA
DRAGONFLIES & DAMSELFLIES
Comments: Primitive, large
insects w/ prominent wing
veins
Incomplete metamorphosis
Wings - 4, dragonfs. hold wings
out, damself. fold wings up.
Short, filiform antennae.
Order: ORTHOPTERA
GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS, ROACHES, MANTIDS
 Comments: Primitive, straightwinged
 Chewing Mouthparts
 Gradual Metamorphosis
 Wings - 4, front pair leathery
 Antennae - Variable
Order: PLECOPTERA
STONEFLIES
Comments: Primitive, large, softbodied, cerci present
Chewing mouthparts, many
adults do not feed
Incomplete metamorphosis
Wings - 4, large, membranous
Long filiform antennae
Order: THYSANOPTERA
THRIPS
Comments: Minute insects,
disease transmitters
Rasping/sucking mouthparts
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Wings - 4, fringed
Antennae - short, 4-9 segments
Order: SIPHONAPTERA
Fleas
 Comments: Small,
flattened laterally
 Sucking mouthparts
 Complete
metamorphosis
 Wingless
 Reduced antennae
BUGS, NATURE & YOU
~ We Can Get Along! ~
The End!