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Download Binomial Nomenclature - Hudson City School District
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Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Naming Scientific Name Game Ever hear of E. coli? • It is the abbreviated form of the scientific name of Escherichia coli T. rex. • Tyrannosaurus rex • Often lazy scientists just abbreviate the Genus with just a letter. Binomial Nomenclature two terms: the genus and the species • Example: Common name = sugar pine Scientific name = Pinus lambertiana • ponderosa pine: Pinus ponderosa lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli SCIENTIFIC NAME RULES • Genus is CAPITALIZED (written first) • Species is lower case • Written in Latin • Italicized OR underlined Carolus Linnaeus: devised the binomial nomenclature system • Studied medicine • Disappointed parents that he did not enter priesthood • Studied plants to make medicines 1707-1778 Where do the names come from? • Often they are Latin words, but they may also come from Ancient Greek: • from a place • from a person (preferably a naturalist) • a name from a local language • including inside-jokes and puns • Play on words Some Unusual Names • Crichtonsaurus Dong - (named after Michael Crichton – author of Jurassic Park) • Lalapa lusa (tiphiid wasp) • Abra cadabra (a clam) • Enema pan (rhinoceros beetle) • Orizabus botox (wrinkle free scarab beetle) • Cedecea- (bacterium named after CDC) Biologists prefer to call organisms by • Their scientific names rather than their common names • No two species have the same scientific name although they may share a common genus. The genus name shows a very close relationship. • Felis domestica .....house cat • Felis leo ............. lion • Felis onca ........... jaguar • Felis pardalis ....... ocelot • Felis concolor ...... mountain lion TAXONS (units of taxonomy) Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species How Can I Remember All Those Names? • Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Sand." LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Bear Taxons Dichotomous Key • An identification key, also known as a dichotomous key, based on a series of two choices. • Kinda like a scavenger hunt. Making a Dichotomous Key • "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". • always give two choices in each step Divide into YOUR LAB GROUPS You will classify at least 15 LEAVES Tape leaves at the end of the divisions LEAF ACTIVITY EXAMPLE See there is a leaf at each dead-end. Good Place to Start ALL LEAVES How might you divide these? broadleaf needles LEAF Tree ID Key (CLICK Here) Tree Key Tips • Use measurements rather than terms like "large" and "small“(larger than 6”, smaller than 6”) • Make the first choice a positive one something "is" instead of "is not". • If possible, start both choices of a pair with the same word. • 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton • b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton A BRIEF KEY TO SELECTED TREES AND SHRUBS • Tree key (Click Here) • Identify Tree by Name • Key To leaves of Virginia Trees Common Leaf Descriptions LAB VIDEOS (for Shell Classification Lab Fig. 3) • http://www.oceanfootage.com/stockfootage/Barnacl e (scroll down) • Common lobster - Homarus gammarus - download video 06 – ARKive • SERC - Education K12: Blue Crab Food Web • Shrimp • fiddler crab: Definition from Answers.com • (scroll down) • Hermit Crab also type in shrimp + Blue Crab
