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Kingdom: Plants
Domain Eukarya
Domain
Eubacteria
AP Biology
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
2007-2008
Common ancestor
Evolution of Land Plants
 500 mya land plants evolved

special adaptations for life on dry land
 _________________________________
 ____________________________
 _________________________________
 ____________________________
 _________________________________
 ____________________________
 ____________________________
 _________________________________
AP Biology  ____________________________
Plant Evolution
conifers
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colonization of land
Ancestral Protist
conifers
conifers
Animal life cycle
diploid
multicellular
individual
2n
haploid
unicellular
gametes
1n
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Plant life cycle
diploid
multicellular
individual
2n
gametes
1n
spores
1n
haploid
unicellular
gametes
1n
AP Biology
Bryophytes: 1st land plants
 __________________________________


vascular system?
haploid
 ___________________________
 no water transport system
 no true roots
dominant stage?
 ___________________________
Where must

mosses live?

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___________________________
 fuzzy moss plant you are familiar
with is haploid
reproduction?
 ___________________________
 flagellated
 spores
 sprout to form gametophyte
diploid
Pteridophytes: 1st vascular plants diploid
 ________________________
vascular system?
 __________________________
 water transport system
 xylem, phloem, roots, leaves
 dominant stage?
Where must  __________________________
ferns live?
haploid
 __________________________
 reproduction?
 __________________________
 flagellated
 spores
 sprout to form
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gametophyte

Alternation of generations
 Fern gametophyte (1n)

__________________: male & female gamete
production on same plant
archegonia
antheridia
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Alternation of generations
diploid
produces male
& female gametes
archegonia
antheridia
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haploid
First seed plants: Gymnosperm
 Gymnosperm: conifers

vascular system?
 ___________________________
 xylem, phloem, roots, leaves
dominant stage?
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg &
Where can
embryo in protective sporophyte
conifers live?  protected from drought & UV radiation
 ___________________: male vs. female gametophytes
 reproduction?
 ___________________________
 naked seeds (no fruit)
 ___________________________
 contain male gametophyte

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Cones & naked seeds
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sporangium & pollen
male
male (pollen) cones
female
female
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cones
pine embryo
First flowering plants
 Angiosperm: flowering plants

vascular system?
 ___________________________

dominant stage?
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 protects egg & embryo
 ______________________: male vs. female gametophytes

reproduction?
 ______________________________
◆___________________________
 ______________________________
◆___________________________
 ______________________________
AP Biology

contain male gametophyte
______
______
Angiosperm life cycle
male gametophyte =
pollen grain (haploid)
______
______
______
______
__________
sperm nuclei travel
down pollen tube
______________
female gametophyte =
ovary sac (haploid)
______________
double
fertilization
______________
new sporophyte
in seed (diploid)
AP Biology
Flower
 Modified shoot with 4 rings
of modified leaves
____________
Stamen
 ____________
 ____________

Stigma
Style
Ovary
Anther
Carpel
Filament
 male

____________
 female
sepals
petals
stamens
Petal
Ovule
Sepal
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adaptations through mutations
carpel
Seed & Plant embryo
 Seed offers…
endosperm


______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
cotyledons = “seed” leaves,
first
leaves of new plant
AP Biology
(3n)
cotyledons
embryo (2n)
seed coat
Monocots & dicots
 Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes

_______________________
 _________________________
 leaves with network of veins
 woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans

_______________________
 _________________________
 leaves with parallel veins
 grasses, palms, lilies
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Any
Questions??
AP Biology