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Learning Objectives & Review
Nervous System Chapter 12, 13 & 14
Chapter 12
1. 12-1 Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
2. 12-2 Sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron. Describe the functions of each component and
classify neurons on the basis of their function.
3. 12-3 Describe the locations and basic functions of the various types of neuroglia cells.
4. 12-4 Explain how a resting potential is created, measured and maintained in a neuron.
5. 12-5 Describe the events involved in creating and propagating an action potential.
6. 12-7 Describe the structures in a synapse, and explain the mechanism of synaptic activity involving
neurotransmitters.
7. Chapter 12 Terminology:
CNS
PNS
Somatic NS
Autonomic NS
Afferent division
Efferent division
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
Threshold
Depolarization
Repolarization
All or none principle
Nerve Impulse
Presynaptic neuron
Axon hillock
Axon
Myelin
Nodes of Ranvier
Synapse
Axon Terminal
Anaxonic
Unipolar, Bipolar or
Multipolar neurons
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Ganglia
Action potential
Postsynaptic neuron
Excitatory
neurotransmitter
Cell body (soma)
Nucleus
Interneurons
Neuroglia
Graded potential
Resting potential
Chapter 13
1. 13-1 Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the nervous system.
2. 13-2 Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe the three meningeal layers that
surround the CNS.
3. 13-3 Describe the difference in anatomy of white matter and gray matter.
4. 13-4 Describe how a spinal/mixed nerve divides before entering/exiting the spinal cord.
5. 13-6 Describe the steps of a reflex arc.
6. 13-7 Describe the different spinal reflexes.
7. Chapter 13 Terminology
Dorsal roots
Mixed nerves
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid for CSF
Dorsal root ganglia
Ventral roots
Spinal meninges
Pia mater
Reflex Arc
Nerve plexus
Spinal nerves
Dura mater
Cerebrospinal fluid
Spinal reflex
Chapter 14
1. Describe the 6 regions of the brain and explain their purpose and function.
2. During the development of an embryos the brain becomes more and more complex. The primary
structures turn into Secondary structures. Explain all structures and what they turn into.
3. Describe the ventricles of the brain. how is the Choroid plexus linked with the ventricles?
4. How is the brain protected? Explain each of the 4 protecting agents.
5. Explain why the Medulla Oblongate is considered the vital center?
6. Describe the function of the Pons, Cerebellum, Midbrain (Mesencephalon) and the Cerebrum.
7. Describe the functions of the Limbic system.
8. The Cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes. What is the responsibility of each lobe?
9. The Cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres. Explain.
10. What is the function of each of the 12 cranial nerves?
11. Chapter 14 Terminology
Cerebrum
Parietal lobe
Cerebellum
Pons
Hypothalamus
Secondary brain vesicles
Hindbrain
Myelencephalon
Fourth ventricle
Pre-central Gyrus
Corpus callosum
Temporal lobe
Diencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
Pituitary gland
Forebrain
Telencephalon
Lateral ventricle
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Post-central Gyrus
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Mesencephalon
Thalamus
Primary brain vesicles
Midbrain
Metencephalon
Third ventricle
Limbic system
The 12 cranial nerves ….