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Download 13. Rosid tree & shrubs
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Today’s plants (all within subclass Rosidae) Rosid trees Salicacaeae Salix (willows) Populus (aspens, cottonwoods) Betulaceae Betula (birches) Alnus (alders) “Aceraceae” (now in Sapindaceae) Acer (maples) Salicaceae - Willow family Habitats diverse, but generally high elevation or riparian Growth habit trees, shrubs Leaves alternate simple dentate with stipules Salicaceae - Willow family Flowers unisexual (imperfect) species usually dioecious may be wind-pollinated or insect pollinated Inflorescences catkins FF F F F FF F F M M M MM M M M M catkin = a dense inflorescence of unisexual, apetalous flowers Salicaceae - Willow family Sepals 0 or many often reduced may be connate Petals 0 Stamens 2 - many (in staminate flowers only!) Salix - male flowers Salicaceae - Willow family Gynoecium (in pistillate flowers only!) syncarpous, 2 - 4 carpels superior ovary bract stigma often lobed Salicaceae - Willow family Fruit type: capsule Seeds: comose (w/long hairs) Cottonwood seeds Seeds dispersed by wind and water Salix - Willows In Montana: 50 species; diverse habitats Growth habit: few trees, many shrubs or creeping shrubs S. arctica S. fragilis Salix - Willows many species of riparian shrubs Often spreading vegetatively Often hybridizing Populus - Aspens, Cottonwoods In Montana: 5 species; riparian or montane/subalpine Growth habit: trees P. tremuloides (Aspen) P. balsamifera (Cottonwood) Elk & Aspen Salicaceae - Willow family Salix vs. Populus mostly shrubs vs. mostly trees 1 bud scale vs. many bud scales long leaves w/vs. short petioles broad leaves w/ long petioles catkins erect vs. catkins pendulous 1-8 stamens vs. 6-many stamens Salicaceae - Willow family Salix: 1 bud scale Populus: > 1 bud scale Salicaceae - Willow family Salix Populus Salicaceae - Willow family Salix (upright) Populus (hanging) Betulaceae - Birch family Distribution: world-wide; primarily north temperate In Montana: 3 genera, 6 species Growth Habit: trees/shrubs Leaves: alternate, simple serrate or doubly serrate Genera to know: Betula (birch) Alnus (alder) Betulaceae - Birch family Inflorescences: catkins of reduced flowers Flowers: unisexual plants monoecious wind-pollinated female catkin male catkin Betulaceae - Birch family Sepals 1-6 often scale-like always distinct Petals 0 Stamens 2-8 male flowers Betulaceae - Birch family Gynoecium 2 fused carpels in dense, cone-like catkin with bracts Fruit types nutlet samara (winged nutlet) Betula - Birches In Montana: 3 species; often near streams/lake shores Growth habit: trees/shrubs B. occidentalis (Water Birch) B. papyrifera (Paper Birch) Alnus - Alders In Montana: 1-2 species; wet areas, near streams/shores Growth habit: small trees/shrubs here (large trees in PNW) Betulaceae - Birch family Alnus: female catkins woody and persistent Betula: female catkins not woody Betulaceae - Birch family Alnus: stalked buds Betula: blistered bark “Aceraceae” - Maple family Now in Sapindaceae (large family of mostly tropical trees) In Montana: 1 genus w/ 3 native species & 1 invasive Habitat: primarily in riparian areas, open pine forest Acer - Maples Growth habit: trees/shrubs Leaves: opposite simple, often palmately lobed 1 sp. pinnately compound A. glabrum (Rocky Mtn. Maple) A. negundo (Box Elder) Acer - Maples Inflorescences: umbels w/ long flower stalks Flowers unisexual & regular trees monoecious Sepals 4 or 5 Petals 0 Stamens usually 8 (in staminate flowers) Acer - Maples Gynoecium (pistillate flowers only) 2 fused carpels => 1 ovary w/ 2 styles ovary superior female flowers have non-functional stamens Acer - Maples Fruit type samara = winged nutlet (in pairs => schizoid samara) Norway Maple A. platanoides Ulmaceae - Elms, Hackberry Fagaceae - Oaks, Beeches, Chestnuts Fagaceae - Oaks, Beeches, Chestnuts
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