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Warm-up
Week 7
1. ____ is the most important weather gas.
a. water vapor
c. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
d. ozone
2. Warm, saturated air ___________.
a. Has less water vapor than cold air.
b. Has more water vapor than cold air.
c. Does not have any water vapor.
d. Has the same amount of water vapor as cold air.
3. ___ is the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
deposition
c. evaporation
b. sublimation
d. condensation
a.
“Clouds & Precipitation”
18.2/18.3
What is Condensation?
Water droplets forming!
Condensation forms when…?
…Air becomes saturated.
• Add water vapor
• Cool Air (dew point)
If condensation requires cooling, how do
we get clouds on hot days?
1. Air Compression (close together!)
– ↑ Motion of gas molecules
– ↑ Kinetic E.
– ↑ Temp
Adiabatic
Tempo
Changes
2. Air Expansion (spread apart!)
– Air cools
No heat
added!
Did it just get hotter or colder?!
Altitude & Heating/Cooling
• ↓ Molecules
• Expansion
• Cooling
• -10oC / 1000m
• ↑ Molecules
• Compression
• Heating
• +10oC / 1000m
“Dry Adiabatic Rate”
Condensation Needs…
1. S_________
(wet) Air!
ATURATED
and also…
2. Surface!
–
–
–
–
“Condensation Nuclei”
Car
Cup
DUST
Cloud Types.
Classified (grouped) by 1.) Form, & 2.) Height
Forms:
1. Cirrus
• “curl of hair”
• High
• White, thin
2. Cumulus
• “Pile”
• Rounded
• Domed
3. Stratus
• “Layer”
• Sheets
• Whole sky
What Kind of Cloud?
Cirrus
Cumulous
Stratus
3 Cloud Heights.
1. High
– “Cirro-”
– Thin & White
– Freezing cold
2. Middle
– “Alto-”
– Some
precipitation
3. Low
– “Strato-,” & “Nimbo-”
– Layered
– Rainy
Precipitation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Water molecules cool
Squish together
Grow
Fall!