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CJ235-01 Unit 2 Canines in Criminal Justice Factors that Affect Scent Factors that Affect Scent • We will be speaking in terms of environmental factors that affect scent mostly outdoors. Factors that Affect Scent • We will be speaking in terms of environmental factors that affect scent mostly outdoors. • These factors actually must be considered whether searching for a person or a substance such as an explosive or narcotics. Factors that Affect Scent • Since we will be discussing searching or tracking outdoors for people in the next unit, we will focus on those environmental factors that occur outdoors. Factors that Affect Scent • Since we will be discussing searching or tracking outdoors for people in the next unit, we will focus on those environmental factors that occur outdoors. • These same facts apply whether searching for a fleeing criminal or a lost child. Air Currents • Do you always know when the wind blowing? Air Currents • Do you always know when the wind blowing? • Syrotuck (2000) tells us of micrometeorology and how temperatures can vary from just a few inches off the ground to a few feet and so can the slightest air current. Air Currents • We see that any obstruction can affect wind flow and therefore affect scent. Turbulence WIND Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh . Air Currents • Natural Terrain can have an even more profound affect on a person’s scent. Turbulence Obstruction Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Dead Area Air Currents • This diagram illustrates how obstruction can deflect scent in different directions. Victim Scent Deflected Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Air Currents • With no terrain, the velocity of the air current determines the dispersion. Slow Winds Victim Scent Cones WIND DIRECTION Victim High Winds Diagram by Jonathan Dorriety Air Currents/Terrain • Scent can often be carried with the path of least resistance if obstructions create one. Dense Obstruction Victim Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Terrain • The lay of the land can also affect where scent flows and pools if wind is not a factor. Downward Slope Pooling Scent Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Temperature • How does temperature affect scent? Temperature • How does temperature affect scent? • Cool air on hilltops warms in the morning and is replaced by cool air flowing uphill. Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Temperature • How does temperature affect scent? • As the day grows warm cool air will descend downhill. Crevice Reproduced with Permission from Barkleigh.com © 2000 Syrotuck, W. G. (2000). Scent and the scenting dog. Mechanicsburg, PA: Barkleigh. Temperature • A person hiding outside in cool weather is more easily found than a person hiding in warm weather. Why? Temperature • A person hiding outside in cool weather is more easily found than a person hiding in warm weather. Why? • Our warm bodies will simply produce more scent when our surroundings are cooler, just as a deceased person whose body has lost all heat will be more difficult to locate in cool weather. Humidity • How do you think humidity plays into the scent picture? Humidity • How do you think humidity plays into the scent picture? • Moist air (especially cool air) makes it easier on a dog. Bacteria and skin rafts flourish better with moisture in the air. Humidity • How do you think humidity plays into the scent picture? • Moist air (especially cool air) makes it easier on a dog. Bacteria and skin rafts flourish better with moisture in the air. • Dogs also can work for longer periods without rest in cool, moist environments. Summary • Wind is a major factor on scent in an outdoor environment. They can be indoors as well, but generally not to the same extreme. Summary • Wind is a major factor on scent in an outdoor environment. They can be indoors as well, but generally not to the same extreme. • Obstacles and the lay of the land will also have a strong influence on scent. Summary • Wind is a major factor on scent in an outdoor environment. They can be indoors as well, but generally not to the same extreme. • Obstacles and the lay of the land will also have a strong influence on scent. • Temperature and humidity in various combinations can be good or bad. Questions or Discussion?