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LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE SEA BREEZE VS. LAND BREEZE http://www.clas szone.com/book s/earth_science /terc/content/vi sualizations/es1 903/es1903pag e01.cfm CORIOLIS EFFECT The Coriolis Effect The Coriolis effect determines the direction of global winds. If the Earth did not rotate global winds would blow in a straight line from the poles toward the equator. Because the Earth is rotating from West to East it makes the wind have a curved path. Northern hemisphere = turn toward right Southern hemisphere = turn toward left GLOBAL WINDS Global Wind Belts The Coriolis effect and other factors combine to produce a pattern of wind belts and calm areas around Earth. Match the descriptions of the global winds with their location on the globe. USING WEATHER MAPS TO PREDICT WEATHER Meteorologist-scientist who studies weather, gathers info about precip., temp, air press, and atmospheric conditions -seasonal variations -global winds (trade winds, polar easterlies, westerlies) -ocean currents -get info from satellites and radar Air Pressure-air pushing on things it comes into contact with -low pressure-air slowly rises -clouds form -air masses move toward LP areas -weather = rainy, cloudy -high pressure- air slowly sinks -good clear weather -air mass pushed out toward LP Air Masses-lg. body of air with same prop. thru’ out -properties depend on where it is formed -continental polar (cP)- dry, cold -maritime polar (mP) – wet, cold -maritime tropical (mT) – wet, warm -continental tropical (cT) – dry and warm -continental arctic (cA) – dry, very cold USING WEATHER MAPS TO PREDICT WEATHER Fronts-boundary between two air masses -most changed in weather occur at fronts -high pressure low pressure at fronts -shapes point in direction front is moving -half circles = warm front -triangles = cold front -both = stationary front Warm Front- warm moist air slides up over cold air masses -clouds form -light drizzle or rain -after passing clear and warm weather Cold Front- cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass, warm air rises sharply -tall cumulonimbus clouds form -heavy rain, thunderstorm and snow -after passing, cold and clear weather Stationary Front- warm air mass meets cool air mass, neither moves -light winds, wet weather -can stay in one place for days Weather Map-summarizes weather in an area PRACTICE QUESTIONS What affect do ocean currents have on the climate of coastal areas? Ocean currents have no effect on climate Ocean currents always cool a coastal area and create a warm climate Ocean currents warm the land constantly and create a warm climate Ocean currents can warm or cool the air above them and influence the climate PRACTICE QUESTIONS An instrument that measures changes in air pressure Anemometer Thermometer Psychrometer Barometer PRACTICE QUESTIONS How does air pressure change with increasing altitude? Increases Decreases Remains the same Air pressure is not related to altitude PRACTICE QUESTIONS Weather occurs in which layer of the atmosphere? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere PRACTICE QUESTIONS An air mass that forms over land is classified as Polar Continental Tropical Maritime PRACTICE QUESTIONS The boundary where air masses meet and storm often develop is called a(n) Front Cyclone Anticyclone Jet stream PRACTICE QUESTIONS How do weather satellites help scientists forecast weather? The predict the weather They provide images of weather systems They cause weather They interpret weather
