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Figure 53—Percentage of each 4th-code hydrologic unit in the basin assessment area that includes centers of concentration
of biodiversity, or of species rarity and endemism, of plants and animals (source: Marcot and others 1997).
ICBEMP
Centers of biodiversity,
rarity and endemism are
outside of biodiversity
and endemism hot spots
NOTE:
Basin boundary
4th field hydrologic
units
State boundaries
Centers of biodiversity,
rarity and endemism
Species > 60 − 80%
Species > 80 − 100%
Species > 40 − 60%
Species 1 − 20%
Species > 20 − 40%
Species = 0%
Legend
Unique species assemblage components—The
following integrity components relate to identifying unique vertebrate species assemblages by
geographic area (ERU), as identified and listed
in Marcot and others (1997).15 Many of these
assemblages are of species that occur peripherally
in the basin assessment area. Managing for the
periphery of ranges of species can be important
for maintaining long-term evolutionary potential
(Furlow and Armijo-Prewitt 1995, Kruckeberg
and Rabinowitz 1985, Lesica and Allendorf
1995), for it is at the edges of ranges where environmental factors often differ the most and new
genotypes and phenotypes emerge (see Marcot
and others 1997 for examples in the basin assessment area).
Component (3a): Upper Klamath Basin species—
We identified a set of 10 species that are closely
associated with the Upper Klamath Basin ERU in
southern Oregon (fig. 54). The database and map
show number of species by 4th code HUC.
Component (3b): Owyhee Upland species—We
identified a set of nine species that are closely associated with the Owyhee Upland ERU in southern Oregon and Idaho (fig. 55). The database and
map show number of species by 4th code HUC.
Component (3c): Northern Great Basin species—
We identified a set of three species that are
closely associated with the northern Great Basin
ERU in southern Oregon (fig. 56). The database
and map show number of species by 4th code
HUC.
Component (3d): Amphibians of the Columbia
River Gorge—This unique assemblage consists
of amphibian species that enter into the basin
assessment area mainly or solely through the
Columbia River Gorge (fig. 57). The database and
map show number of species by 4th code HUC.
Component (3e): Snake River Headwaters ERU
and western Wyoming species—A set of eight
species were identified that are closely associated
with the Snake River Headwaters ERU in southeastern Idaho, and the western Wyoming (Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem) region (fig. 58). The
database and map show number of species by 4th
code HUC.
Component (3f): Upper Snake River ERU
species—Two species were identified that are
closely associated with the Upper Snake River
ERU in southern Idaho (fig. 59). The database
and map show number of species by 4th code
HUC.
Component (3g): Western Montana species—
Two species were identified that are closely
associated with western Montana (fig. 60). The
database and map show number of species by 4th
code HUC.
Full trophic ladder component—Component
(3h): Vertebrate carnivores—Eight wide-ranging
vertebrate carnivores occur in the basin assessment area: grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), black bear
(U. americanus), gray wolf (Canis lupus), cougar
(Felis concolor), lynx (Lynx lynx), wolverine,
fisher (Martes pennanti), and American marten
(M. americana). Four of these species were
mapped and are included in this component (fig.
61).16 The full set of vertebrate carnivores—and
by inference, the full trophic ladder—once likely
ranged throughout the entire basin assessment
area, but now is present only in the northern
Rocky Mountains, including Glacier National
Park, Yellowstone National Park and adjacent
lands, and in other locations where grizzly bear
and gray wolf recovery areas overlap, as in central
Idaho and north-central Washington. The database and map for this component show number
of species by 4th code HUC (fig. 61).
15
Since the current analysis was conducted, some range
maps of species have been refined, ranges of additional
vertebrate species of the basin assessment area have been
mapped, and additional species have been added to these
lists of unique species assemblages by ERU and geographic
area. The lists presented in Marcot and others (1997) reflect
these additions but were not included in time to update
analyses presented here. We do not anticipate, however, that
these additions would qualitatively change results presented
here.
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16
Since this analysis, ranges for the remaining four carnivores also were mapped. Their distributional ranges more
than overlap those of the four initially mapped carnivore
species. Thus, their inclusion in this analysis does not change
the results of identifying centers of high-carnivore richness.
Text continued on page 101
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Figure 54—Numbers of species closely associated with the Upper Klamath Basin ecology reporting unit (ERU), by 4th-code
hydrologic unit in the basin assessment area (see Marcot and others 1997 for list of species).
ICBEMP
Basin boundary
4th field hydrologic
units
State boundaries
Species = 10
Species = 4
Species = 8
Species = 3
Species = 1
Species = 2
Species = 0
Legend