Download MI Invasive Species

Invasive Species
and
Biological Controls
Invasive Species
• “An alien species (plant,
animal, insect, bacteria,
and fungi) whose
introduction does or is
likely to cause economic
or environmental harm
or harm to human
health".
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Invasive Species
• Alien species are also
known as exotic, nonnative, or introduced.
The terms noxious,
nuisance, or invasive
characterize alien species
when these organisms
cause harm.
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Invasive Species
• The species that become
invasive succeed because
the new ecosystem offers
favorable environmental
conditions & lacks natural
predators, competitors, &
diseases that normally keep
populations in check.
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Invasive Species
• The cost of preventing,
monitoring, &
controlling invasive
species in the US, and
the costs of damage to
crops, fisheries, forest,
and other resources is
$13 billion per year.
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Negative Effects
• Reducing biodiversity
• Altering hydrologic
conditions
• Altering soil
characteristics
• Altering fire intensity
and frequency
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Negative Effects
• Interfering with natural
succession
• Competing for pollinators
• Poisoning or repelling
native insects
• Displacing rare plant
species
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Negative Effects
• Being difficult and/or
costly to control
• Impeding industries and
threatening agriculture
• Posing a significant drain
on the economy
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MI Invasive Species
• Purple
Loosestrife
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MI Invasive Species
• Purple Loosestrife
– Habitat Marshes, wet
meadows, flood plains, and
roadside ditches.
–Aggressive species that
covers acres of wetlands
and crowds out native
aquatics valuable to
waterfowl and wildlife.
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MI Invasive Species
• Purple Loosestrife
– Loosestrife Defoliating
Beetle
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MI Invasive Species
• Leafy
Spurge
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MI Invasive Species
• Leafy Spurge
– Introduced from Eurasia, &
is a noxious weed difficult
to eradicate because of its
deeply buried perennial
runners.
–Prevents seedlings of other
plants from sprouting by
releasing toxins into soil.
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MI Invasive Species
• Warning Can be toxic if
ingested; known to
fatally poison cattle.
Contact with plant,
especially milky sap, can
cause irritation of skin,
eyes, and mucous
membranes.
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Insect Bio Control
• Leafy Spurge
-Black Dot Spurge Flea
Beetle
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Insect Bio Control
• Leafy Spurge
-Black
Dot Spurge
Flea Beetle
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MI Invasive Species
• Canada
Thistle
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MI Invasive Species
• Canada Thistle
– Habitat Pastures,
roadsides, waste places.
–This is a European
introduction classified as
noxious in most states,
because it takes over and
does not allow native
plants to thrive.
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MI Invasive Species
• Canada Thistle
–Thistle Defoliating Beetle
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MI Invasive Species
• Canada Thistle
–Thistle Defoliating Beetle
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MI Invasive Species
• Poison
Hemlock
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MI Invasive Species
• Poison Hemlock
–Habitat Waste places,
weedy areas, and
woodland borders.
–European native, now
spread worldwide.
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MI Invasive Species
• Poison Hemlock
–Warning All parts of
this plant are deadly
poisonous if eaten.
Children can be poisoned
by blowing through
whistles made from the
stalks.
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MI Invasive Species
• Poison Hemlock
–Defoliating Hemlock
Moth & Larva
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MI Invasive Species
• Poison Hemlock
–Defoliating Hemlock
Moth & Larva
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MI Invasive Species
• St. Johnswort
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MI Invasive Species
• St. Johnswort
–Habitat: Fields, roadsides,
and waste places.
–Discovered in the eastern US
in 1793, it appeared in
California about 1900 and by
1940 had made 250,000
acres of California rangeland
worthless. After 1945 it was
quickly controlled by two
European beetles that feed
only on this species.
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MI Invasive Species
• St. Johnswort
–Warning Often used as an
herbal remedy.
–St.-Johnswort can cause
extreme sun sensitivity in
some individuals.
–The plant can cause
poisoning in animals if eaten
in high quantities.
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MI Invasive Species
• St. Johnswort
–St. Johnswort Inchworm
and Moth
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MI Invasive Species
• St. Johnswort
–St. Johnswort Inchworm
and Moth
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MI Invasive Species
• Spotted
Knapweed
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MI Invasive Species
• Spotted Knapweed
–Habitat Disturbed areas,
often along roadsides,
waste places, fields.
–It grows in thick stands,
& where it spreads, all
vegetation dies out from a
poison given off by its
roots.
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MI Invasive Species
• Spotted Knapweed
–Blunt Knapweed
Flowerhead Weevil
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MI Invasive Species
• Spotted Knapweed
–Blunt Knapweed
Flowerhead Weevil
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MI Invasive Species
• Yellow
Star
Thistle
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MI Invasive Species
• Yellow Star Thistle
–Habitat Disturbed areas,
pastures, & dry
grasslands and hillsides.
–Native to Europe-Its one
virtue is that it produces a
fine light honey.
–Shuts out other native
plants.
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MI Invasive Species
• Yellow Star Thistle
–Warning This plant
grows in dense stands
that are painful to walk
through because of the
piercing spines. If
continually eaten, it is
poisonous to horses and
cattle.
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MI Invasive Species
• Yellow Star Thistle
–Yellow Starthistle Hairy
Weevil
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MI Invasive Species
• Yellow Star Thistle
–Yellow Star Thistle Hairy
Weevil
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