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Wildlife Management
Mr. Goggins
What is wildlife?
• -Any animal, plant, that is not
domesticated.
• “The practical ecology of all vertebrates
and their plant and animal associates”
Wildlife Management
• “Application of ecological knowledge to
wildlife populations in a manner that
strikes a balance between the needs of
those population and the needs of people
(Bolen and Robinson 2003)
Wildlife Categories
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Game Species
Non-game species
Endangered and threatened species
Nuisance species
Fish
Wildlife Management
• 3 basic approaches
– Preservation
– Direct manipulation
– Indirect manipulation
History of Wildlife Management
• 1800’s- Hunting restrictions
• 1933- Aldo Leopold published Game
Management
• 1937-Congress Passed Pittman-Roberson Act.
• 1960’s- New public perspective & expectations
Neglect and Exploitation
• -Market Hunting
Neglect and Exploitation
• Passanger Pigeon
– Most numerous bird on earth (1800’s)
– Extinct in a little over 100 years (last died 1941)
– Human Hunting
• Labrador Duck
– Extinct in 1875
– Loss of habitat
Neglect and Exploitation
• Caroline Parakeet
– Extinct in 1914
– Human hunting and habitat loss
• Great auk
– Extinct in 1844
– Hunted/ trapped for meat, feathers & eggs
• Hawaiian Rail
– Extinct in 1940
– Went extinct do to loss of habitat
Problems of Excess
• Raindeer
– 1944 – 24 cows 5 bulls
– 1963 – 6000 on island
– 1964 – 42 on island
• Mule Deer
• White-tailed Deer
• Winter roosting birds of various species
Success Stories
• Wood ducks
• Wild turkey (catch and release)
• Bison
– 1860 – 60 million in America
– 1889 – 150 in America
– 1894 – last free range bison killed
Important people in
Conservation
Aldo Leopold
• “Father of wildlife management”
• 1st wildlife management professor
• Founded wildlife society
Theodore Roosevelt
• The conservation minded president
• Founded 1st wildlife refuge 1903
• Founded boon and crocket club
Gifford Pinchot
• Americas 1st forester
• Helped create the national forest survive
John Muir
• “The father of our National parks”
• Invented 1st alarm clock
• Convinced congress to set aside land for
the national parks
• Founded Siear club
John James Audubon
• Naturalist and a painter
• Most known for “birds of North America”
J.N. “Ding” Darling
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A famous cartoonist
Conservation & politics main passion
1st head of U.S. Fish & wildlife
Started the “duck stamp”