Download Ecology - Goshen Community Schools

Ecology
Chapter 3
Ecology
The study of the relationship between
organisms and their environments.
5 Levels Studied in Ecology
1
2
3
4
5
Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biosphere
Old People
Can’t Eat
Beans!
Population
• A group of 1
species that
interbreed and
live in the same
place.
Ecosystem
• Groups of many
species coexisting in an
environment.
Biosphere
• All of the earth’s
organisms and
their
environments.
Biotic
• Living parts.
Abiotic
• Non-living parts.
Examples:
– Soil
– Air
– Temperature
– Water
– Sun
Habitat
• Where an
organism lives its life.
Niche
role
• The
a
species plays in a
community.
– What it eats.
– What it does.
4 Tropic Levels
1.
2.
3.
4.
Producer- plants
1st order Consumer- eats plants
2nd order Consumer- eats 1st order consumers
3rd order Consumer- eats 2nd order consumers
Food Chain
• A simple show of energy transfer.
Food Web
• A complex
show of energy
transfer.
• (most organisms
feed at more
than one
trophic level!)
3 Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism
 
+ +
• Commensalism
 
+ o
• Parasitism
 
+ –
Look! I found Nemo!!! 
Here are some examples of
Symbiosis…Can you tell what they
are?
• Mutualism
 
+ +
• Commensalism
 
+ o
• Parasitism
 
+ –
Example 1:
Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay
eggs on
acacia tree
Acacia
covers the
infected
area with
brown flesh Parasitism: one benefits,
(gall)
one is harmed
Example 2:
Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a
clean mouth
Cleaner Fish gets
a meal
Mutualism: both
benefit
Example 3:
Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir
up insects
as they eat
grass
Egrets
hang
around and
eat insects
Commensalism: one benefits, one is
unaffected
Example 4:
Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish
gets
protection
Anemone gets
food scraps
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 5:
Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope
gets rid
of
parasites
Oxbird
gets a
meal
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 6:
Taenia worm in human eye
Worm
infects
human
blood
stream
Human
may go
blind Parasitism: one benefits,
one is harmed
Any questions before we go on?
Our beautiful planet at night.
Vocabulary
• Producers
– Lowest in the food chain.
– Most abundant!
– Gets energy from the SUN!!!
• Consumers
– ANY living thing that eats other living
things.
Vocabulary
• Decomposers
– Feeds on ALL other organisms.
– Breaks down dead organisms.
• Predators
– Preys on other living things.
• Scavengers
– Gets food from waste products.
– Also from already dead organisms.
– (Doesn’t actually kill.)
The end. 