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Transcript 
THE ANTISMOLT- WHEN
BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO
GOOD FISHES
CAMERON SHARPE
BRIAN BECKMAN
PATRICK HULETT
CHRIS WAGEMANN
CHRIS GLEIZES
HOWARD FUSS
1+ JUVENILE
ANADROMY
PROTRACTED
FW RESIDENCY
2+
JUVENILE
NONANADROMY
RESIDUALS
A JUVENILE FISH OF
SMOLT AGE THAT
FAILS TO OUTMIGRATE
WITH THE REST OF ITS
COHORT
SMOLT
LG RESIDUAL
SM RESIDUAL
PERCEIVED RISKS:
ECOLOGICAL:
COMPETITION, PREDATION
GENETIC: DOMESTICATION
SELECTION, HW CROSSES,
HYBRIDIZATION
CASE STUDIES
SNOW CREEK
KALAMA
OTHERS…
SNOW CREEK
TIPPING ET AL. (1995).
PFC. 57:120-123
3 RELEASES: ’91, ’92 & ’93
4.7 KM ABOVE WEIR
 20% MISSING, PRESUMED
DEAD
KALAMA
GOBAR CREEK
MAJOR KALAMA
SPAWNING TRIBUTARY
ACCLIMATION SITE FOR
STEELHEAD RELEASES
KALAMA WATERSHED
GOBAR CREEK
2.1 KM
2.8 KM
UPPER REACH
BY98 88% N=1637
BY99 71% N=2071
BY00 79% N=656
LOWER REACH
BY98 12% N=229
BY99 29% N=850
BY00 21% N=175
MIGRANTS & RESIDUALS
(BY ’00 & BY ’99)
120
MIGRANTS
FREQUENCY
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
16
RESIDUALS
12
8
4
0
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
FORK LENGTH (mm)
330
OTHER WORK
KEOGH. WARD AND
SLANEY (1990). 40% LOSS.
YAKIMA (TEANAWAY).
McMICHAEL (1992) 36%
LOSS.
NEED EXAMPLES TO THE
CONTRARY.
MECHANISMS
 SIZE/GROWTH
 SEXUAL MATURATION
(NOT INDEPENDENT)
SEX RATIOS OF RESIDUALS
GROUP
POND
RESIDUALS
N
P(M)
LARGE
28 0.64
SMALL
66 0.59
POOLED
94 0.61
SIG?
Y
CREEK
RESIDUALS
N
P(M)
SIG?
80
0.75
Y
212 0.64
Y
292 0.67
Y
P(MATURING MALE)
SIZE AND SEXUAL
MATURATION OF MALE
RESIDUALS
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
b
b
a
SMCNT
a
SMTMT
LGCNT
RESIDUAL TYPE
LGTMT
IMMATURE MALES
MATURING MALES
PRECOCIOUS MALES
40
N
30
20
10
0
50
75
100
FL (mm)
125
250
200
1993
1994
1998
FL
150
100
50
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
SMOLT AGE
240
AGE1
AGE2
AGE3
TOTAL
200
N
160
120
80
40
0
120
140
160
180
FL (mm)
200
220
240
40
BROOD
AS 0+
N
30
20
10
0
50
100
125
200
AGE1
160
AGE2
120
AGE3
N
SMOLT
COHORT
(MULT.
BROODS)
75
80
40
0
120
140
160
180
FL (mm)
200
220
240
200
SMOLTS
160
N
120
RESIDUALS
80
40
0
120
140
160
180
FL (mm)
200
220
240
PERSPECTIVES
GLASS HALF EMPTY
THE ANTI-SMOLT: WRETCHED,
UNCOOPERATIVE HALFWITS
GLASS HALF FULL
THE WILD CHILD: NATURAL
EXPRESSION OF PHENOTYPIC
PLASTICITY OF THE SPECIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
KALAMA HATCHERY
STAFF
NMFS/MITCHELL ACT
HSRG/IAC
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