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EOCT Test Prep
EOCT Prep
• 1. In 1850 there was a large
snowshoe rabbit population in
Manitoba, Canada. Over the years,
the winter coloration (the color of the
rabbit's fur) of the surviving rabbit
population changed. The graph
shows the change in winter
coloration of rabbits between 1850
to 2000. Based on the data, we
could hypothesize that:
• A) the winters are longer in length.
• B) the snowshoe rabbit has
migrated to another area.
• C) there is less snow on the ground
during the winter.
• D) more snowshoe rabbit predators
have moved into Manitoba.
ANSWER
• C) there is less snow on the ground during
the winter.
EOCT Prep
2. In some freshwater
organisms there is a
structure called a contractile
vacuole that regulates water
movement into and out of the
cell. What explains the
existence of the CV?
• A)The CV prevents the
organism from drying out.
• B) The CV assists the
organism in capturing prey.
• C) The CV helps the
organism move through the
water.
• D) The CV helps the
organism maintain osmotic
pressure.
ANSWER
• D) The CV helps the organism maintain
osmotic pressure.
EOCT Prep
3. James was sick, went to the doctor, and was diagnosed with a
bacterial throat infection. His infection was treated with antibiotics. In
a few days, James felt much better, but some resistant bacteria
survived and, overnight, James was sick again. This time, he had to
take a much stronger antibiotic.
•
•
•
•
The resistant bacterial cells illustrate what characteristic of life?
A) All living things respond to stimuli.
B) All living things maintain homeostasis.
C) All living things adapt to changes in their environment.
D) All living things contain genetic material and reproduce.
ANSWER
• C) All living things adapt to changes in
their environment.
EOCT Prep
4. Strawberry plants typically reproduce by making runners,
which are miniature versions of themselves, that grow off
of the roots and stems of the parent. This type of
vegetative reproduction is known as
• A) budding.
• B) pollination.
• C) fragmentation.
• D) binary fission.
ANSWER
• A) budding.
EOCT Prep
5. In a(n) ___________ecosystem, the
numbers pyramid would be distorted.
• A) desert
• B) forest
• C) marsh
• D) ocean
ANSWER
• B) forest
• Explanation: A forest
ecosystem contains fewer
producers than consumers
because, primarily, a tree has
a lot of energy and biomass in
a single organism. This would
mean that the numbers
pyramid would be distorted
because usually we see many
more numbers of producers
than consumers at each
succeeding trophic level.
EOCT Prep
6. In which of the
following ecosystems
would this organism
MOST LIKELY live?
• A) desert
• B) marine
• C) dry grassland
• D) freshwater wetland
ANSWER
• B) marine
EOCT Prep
7. All of the following biotechnological
advances are possible EXCEPT one. That
is the
• A) reproductive cloning of humans.
• B) production of transgenic animals.
• C) use of gene therapy to treat diseases.
• D) production of disease-resistant
agricultural crops.
ANSWER
• A) reproductive cloning of humans.
EOCT Prep
8.This image shows four
different finches Charles
Darwin found while on the
Galapagos Islands.
Which of these would be
most adapted to eating
small insects found in tiny
holes of trees?
•
•
•
•
A)Geopiza fortis
B)Geopiza parvula
C)Certhidea olivacea
D)Geospiza magnirostris
ANSWER
• C)Certhidea olivacea
EOCT Prep
9. Which of these would be
considered a learned
behavior for dogs?
• A) sleeping when tired
• B) barking when hungry
• C) shivering when cold
• D) sitting when
commanded
ANSWER
• D) sitting when commanded
EOCT Prep
10. According to Mendel’s law of
dominance, we would expect
_________ percent of the
offspring to have white flowers.
• A) 0
• B) 25
• C) 50
• D) 75
• R = red flowers
r = white flowers
ANSWER
• B) 25
EOCT Prep
•
11. What type of
biomolecule will be
produced at the end
of the process shown
in the illustration?
• A) a fat
• B) a sugar
• C) a lipid
• D) a protein
ANSWER
• D) a protein
EOCT Prep
12. All of the statements about the nitrogen cycle
are true EXCEPT one. That is
• A) lightning adds extra nitrogen molecules to the
atmosphere and the cycle.
• B) adding man-made fertilizers to farm fields
adds excess nitrogen to the cycle.
• C) bacteria located in the soil trap excess
nitrogen and help to remove it from plant roots.
• D) although nitrogen is the most abundant
atmospheric gas, plants cannot use it from the
air.
ANSWER
• C) bacteria located in the soil trap excess
nitrogen and help to remove it from plant
roots.
EOCT Prep
13. In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is found in
• A) a vacuole.
• B) a nucleus.
• C) a cytoplasm.
• D) an endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER
• B) a nucleus.
EOCT Prep
14. Facilitated diffusion and
________________ are alike since neither
requires energy.
• A) endocytosis
• B) phagocytosis
• C) active transport
• D) simple diffusion
ANSWER
• D) simple diffusion
EOCT Prep
15. Which example illustrates commensalism and NOT
mutualism?
• A) Hippo dung is eaten by a large species of catfish
native to African lakes. The catfish typically follow the
hippo herds.
• B) Cattle have protozoa living in their gut that digest
cellulose. The cows are able to feed on grass, while the
protozoa are sheltered inside the cow.
• C) Oxpeckers remove parasitic fly larvae from the skin of
buffalo. In exchange, they are protected from predatory
cats, who will not challenge a buffalo.
• D) Ants 'farm' aphid insects like cattle. Aphids suck the
sap out of trees, which ants also feed on. In turn, the
ants sting predators that attack the aphids.
ANSWER
• A) Hippo dung is eaten by a large species
of catfish native to African lakes. The
catfish typically follow the hippo herds.
• (This is commensalism. Hippos don't receive any benefit from the
catfish, but are not harmed either.)
EOCT Prep
16. An increase in pesticide use has resulted
in a decrease in the local blue jay
population. What is the BEST explanation
for the decreased blue jay population?
• A) Blue jay food supply increased.
• B) Blue jay food supply decreased.
• C) Many blue jays moved into the area.
• D) Infection with the pesticide destroyed
most of the blue jay population.
ANSWER
• B) Blue jay food supply decreased.
• (With less insects, there is less food for the
birds.)
EOCT Prep
17. A single strand of DNA contains the
following nine nucleotides in this order:
ACT TAT GGA. What sequence of bases
will be present on the complementary
strand of DNA?
• A) UGA AUA CCT
• B) ACT TAT GGA
• C) ACU UAU GGA
• D) TGA ATA CCT
ANSWER
• D) TGA ATA CCT
EOCT Prep
18. Scientists find a particle only visible with an
electron microscope and is the shape of a
soccer ball. The particle is non-cellular but has a
DNA core. The core is enclosed in a protein coat
and the coat has spike-like projections all over
its surface. This must be a(n)
• A) archebacteria.
• B) eubacteria.
• C) protist.
• D) virus.
ANSWER
• D) virus.
EOCT Prep
19. Humans and bacteria live in a close relationship with
one another. For example, the bacteria that dwell in the
human large intestine helps to complete the digestive
process. The organism gains nutrients and protection in
our intestine.
• The relationship between humans and their digestive
bacteria can be described as
• A) commensalism.
• B) competition.
• C) mutualism.
• D) predation.
ANSWER
• C) mutualism.
EOCT Prep
20. Which of these groups includes
organisms that are MOST closely related?
• A) class
• B) family
• C) genus
• D) species
ANSWER
• D) species
EOCT Prep
21. Which piece of information would be useful to someone
studying evolution, but also to someone trying to identify
and classify an unknown organism that they think is new
to science?
•
•
•
•
A) A general biology book.
B) A phylogenetic tree diagram.
C) A copy of Darwin's book, 'On the Origin of Species'.
D) A chart, showing the complete DNA sequence of the
new organism.
ANSWER
• B) A phylogenetic tree diagram.
EOCT Prep
22. Which of the following groups of
organisms are found in oceans and use
stinging cells called cnidocytes to capture
prey?
• A) cartilagenous fish
• B) coral
• C) mollusks
• D) segmented worms
ANSWER
• B) coral
The phylum Cnidaria includes
a diverse group of about
10,000 living species.
The phylum includes many
brightly colored and beautiful
animals: jellyfish, sea
anemones, sea fans, corals
and hydras.
EOCT Prep
23. Scientists typically transgenically alter
________ to produce more desirable
species.
• A) bacteria
• B) humans
• C) livestock
• D) plants
ANSWER
• D) plants
• (An example would be producing sweet, white
corn from yellow, starchy cow corn.)
EOCT Prep
24. The products of cellular respiration
include
• A) energy and oxygen.
• B) glucose and oxygen.
• C) carbon dioxide and water.
• D) glucose and carbon dioxide.
ANSWER
• C) carbon dioxide and water.
EOCT Prep
25. Cloning is huge advancement in the medical and genetic arena, but
there is also much debate surrounding the practice. There are
several concerns tied to this debate. Which of the following
statements is a concern about cloning?
• A) Cloning might produce greater understanding of the causes of
miscarriages; this might lead to a treatment to prevent spontaneous
abortions.
• B) Risk of abuse of the technology. There are powerful leaders in
every generation who will seek to abuse this technology for their
own purposes.
• C) Treatment for damage ot the brain or nervous system might be
possible due to cloning since damaged nerve tissue in adults does
not regenerate on its own.
• D) Cancer researchers believe that through cloning a method may
be found to stop the division of a human ovum then a technique for
terminating the growth of a cancer might be found.
ANSWER
• B) Risk of abuse of the technology. There
are powerful leaders in every generation
who will seek to abuse this technology for
their own purposes.
EOCT Prep
26. Which technology allows strands of DNA
to be transferred from the cells of one
species into the cells of another species?
• A) gene splicing
• B) hormone growth
• C) binary fission
• D) gene cultivation
ANSWER
• A) gene splicing
EOCT Prep
27. Which of these pairs of body structures
BEST illustrates a homologous
relationship?
• A) the leg of a horse and the leg of a dog
• B) the wing of a bat and the wing of a bird
• C) the fin of a dolphin and the fin of a
shark
• D) the beak of a bird and the beak of a
turtle
ANSWER
• A) the leg of a horse and the leg of a dog
• (Homologous structures are structures that may
look different but develop from the same
embryological tissues and indicate a close
evolutionary relationship.)
EOCT Prep
28. flatworms
crabs
starfish
• These may all be classified as
• A) crustaceans.
• B) invertebrates.
• C) predators.
• D) vertebrates.
ANSWER
• B) invertebrates.
EOCT Prep
29. There are several sources of land or soil
degredation. All BUT _________ is a
cause of soil or land degredation.
• A) overgrazing
• B) over farming
• C) water erosion
• D) crop rotation
ANSWER
• D) crop rotation
• (The other choices all describe causes of land
degredation, while crop rotation is a method
used to conserve soil fertility.)
EOCT Prep
• 30. Compare the Venn
diagram of sexual
reproduction and
asexual reproduction in
plants. Where in the
diagram would you add
offspring different from
parents?
•
•
•
•
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
ANSWER
• A) A
EOCT Prep
31. Which of the following technological
advances had positive impacts on diet and
food distribution systems, but also had an
adverse effect on the atmosphere when
the system malfunctioned?
• A) gas stove
• B) refrigerator
• C) running water
• D) indoor plumbing
ANSWER
• B) refrigerator
• (The refrigerator not only revolutionized the
food distribution industry and improved people's
diet, but if gas escapes from the refrigeration
unit the Earth's atmosphere is adversely
effected.)
EOCT Prep
32. Some species in the weasel family, such as skunks,
protect themselves by spraying a foul-smelling musk oil
when threatened. Why would a spray defense be a
useful mechanism for a species?
• A) Predators would confuse the species with others that
produce foul smells.
• B) Spray can turn a predator away before an individual is
harmed.
• C) It is hard for other species to mimic a spraying
defense.
• D) There is no known defense against foul-smelling
sprays.
ANSWER
• B) Spray can turn a predator away before
an individual is harmed.
EOCT Prep
33. Molecular biologists are using
__________ to directly manipulate genes
for practical purposes.
• A) DNA cloning
• B) DNA polymerization
• C) genetic engineering
• D) bacteriophage infestation
ANSWER
• C) genetic engineering
EOCT Prep
34. The graph illustrates the
relative activity levels of
three common digestive
enzymes. Which enzyme
is most active at a neutral
pH of 7?
• A) pepsin
• B) trypsin
• C) amylase
• D) pepsin and amaylase
ANSWER
• C) amylase
EOCT Prep
35. What adaptation allowed reptiles to
reproduce on land?
• A) amniotic egg
• B) body scales
• C) clawed toes
• D) warm bloodedness
ANSWER
• A) amniotic egg
EOCT Prep
36. All of the following are effects of crossing over
of homologous chromosomes during prophase I
of meiosis with the EXCEPTION of
• A) increased genetic variety.
• B) increased number of chromosomes in the
offspring.
• C) the appearance of new phenotypes in the
offspring.
• D) possible harmful mutations from cross-over
errors.
ANSWER
• B) increased number of chromosomes in
the offspring.
EOCT Prep
37. If we were to compare
the cells in the plant
leaves to the cells in the
plant roots, we would
expect the leaf cells to
contain many more
• A) chloroplasts.
• B) leucoplasts.
• C) nuclei.
• D) ribosomes.
ANSWER
• A) chloroplasts.
EOCT Prep
38. According to Darwin's theory of evolution,
which organisms are BEST able to survive in
nature?
• A) those with the best camouflage and coloration
• B) organisms that possess the greatest number
of mutations
• C) those that possess characteristics acquired
during their lifetime
• D) organisms that possess overall
characteristics best suited to their environment
ANSWER
• D) organisms that possess overall
characteristics best suited to their
environment
EOCT Prep
39. Where might you find a biome that is
known for its large herbivores, few trees,
and fire-dependent ecology?
• A) Alaska.
• B) Arizona.
• C) Oklahoma.
• D) South Florida.
ANSWER
• C) Oklahoma. (It is a grassland)
• (Fires help in encouraging the growth of the prairie,
preventing woody species into grasslands and
controlling insects)
EOCT Prep
40. Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD) is a neurological
disease that is autosomal recessive. If a mother
and father are both unaffected carriers for this
gene, what will be true of their offspring?
• A) All will be homozygous for the disease.
• B) All will be heterozygous for the disease.
• C) There is a 75% chance that each child would
have the disease.
• D) There is a 25% chance that each child would
have the disease.
ANSWER
• D) There is a 25% chance that each child
would have the disease.
• (If the parents are heterozygous then it would be
25%)
EOCT Prep
41. The human heart, composed of specialized muscle cells, beats to a
specific rhythm. The heart cell rhythm partly depends on the opening
and closing of series of gateways within the cell membrane, called
ion channels. Some channels let certain ions flow out, others let
different ions flow in. The same membrane system is at work in
other cells, helping to regulate what stays and what leaves the cell.
•
•
•
•
•
This cell membrane gateway system is specifically called the
A) sodium-chlorine pump.
B) hydrogen-oxygen pump.
C) sodium-potassium pump.
D) calcium-potassium pump.
ANSWER
• C) sodium-potassium pump.
EOCT Prep
42. Pickles are cucumbers preserved in a brine
solution containing dill, alum, and salt.
Cucumbers shrink to a fraction of their normal
size in the pickle jar. This happens because of
the relative salt content of the pickling solution,
which is a(n) ___________ solution.
• A) osmotic
• B) hypotonic
• C) isotonic
• D) hypertonic
ANSWER
• D) hypertonic
EOCT Prep
43. A parasitic way of life can be best
demonstrated by the feeding adaptations
of the
• A) earthworm.
• B) leech.
• C) shark.
• D) spider
ANSWER
• B) leech.
EOCT Prep
44. An animal with thick layers of blubber,
dense fur, the tendency to hibernate, and
light coloration is well-adapted to the
_____________biome.
• A) tundra
• B) grassland
• C) chapparal
• D) temperate forest
ANSWER
• A) tundra
EOCT Prep
45. The phylogenetic tree illustrates the
relationship between humans and our
closest living relatives. The tree was
based on biochemical comparisons,
including DNA and amino acid
sequences.
•
What statement COULD we make
about the four species based on the
phylogenetic tree?
•
•
•
•
A) Humans are in no way similar to the
other three organisms.
B) The is no evidence of any
connection between the four
organisms.
C) The orangutan has nothing in
common with the other three
organisms.
D) The four have molecular
similarities, but have their own unique
traits.
ANSWER
• D) The four have molecular similarities,
but have their own unique traits
EOCT Prep
46. The figure shows an energy
pyramid for an ecosystem.
What happens to the amount
of energy in the pyramid as it
moves up through the different
levels?
• A) It increases by a factor of
about 10%.
• B) It decreases by a factor of
about 90%.
• C) It increases by a factor of
about 90%.
• D) It decreases by a factor of
about 10%.
ANSWER
• B) It decreases by a factor of about 90%.
• (Only about 10% of the energy makes it from
one level of an energy pyramid to the next. 90%
of the energy is used for metabolism, etc.)
EOCT Prep
47. A biology student is using illustrations of
a virus, a bacteria, an amoeba, and a
human skin cell to show the relative size of
these microscopic objects. Which of these
is the smallest microscopic object?
• A) virus
• B) amoeba
• C) bacteria
• D) human skin cell
ANSWER
• A) virus
EOCT Prep
48. Which of these statements is true about plant
and animal cells during the process of cell
division?
• A) Both animal and plant cells develop a cell
plate.
• B) Both animal and plant cells develop a
cleavage furrow.
• C) Plant cells develop a cell plate while animal
cells develop a cleavage furrow.
• D) Animal cells develop a cell plate while plant
cells develop a cleavage furrow.
ANSWER
• C) Plant cells develop a cell plate while
animal cells develop a cleavage furrow.
EOCT Prep
49. Sea stars (starfish) can reproduce asexually by fragmentation if
their arms are cut off, or sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into
the water. Which of these is the major difference between asexual
and sexual reproduction in sea stars?
• A) The chromosome number is reduced in sea stars during asexual
reproduction.
• B) The number of chromosomes is increased in sea stars during
sexual reproduction.
• C) The appearance of the sea stars is changed as a result of
asexual reproduction.
• D) There is genetic variation in the sea stars as a result of sexual
reproduction.
ANSWER
• D) There is genetic variation in the sea
stars as a result of sexual reproduction.
EOCT Prep
50. Since the early 1990s, geneticists have
produced
____________ crops that yield fruits and
vegetables commonly found in U.S.
supermarkets.
• A) large harvest
• B) genetically modified
• C) mutationally induced
• D) transgenically reduced
ANSWER
• B) genetically modified
EOCT Prep
51. White bunnies are a common sight on farms and in pet
stores. Why are these domestic white rabbits uncommon
in the wild?
• A) Domestic white rabbits and wild brown rabbits are
different rabbit species.
• B) Genetically, it is impossible for two brown rabbits to
produce white offspring.
• C) Domestic white rabbits are the result of selective
breeding and are rarely found in the wild.
• D) White rabbits are as common in the wild as on farms,
but they hide better than brown rabbits to avoid
predators.
ANSWER
• C) Domestic white rabbits are the result of
selective breeding and are rarely found in
the wild.
EOCT Prep
52. Scientists believe that the first life forms
to appear on planet Earth were probably
similar to which modern organisms?
• A) viruses
• B) bacteria
• C) plant cells
• D) animal cells
ANSWER
• B) bacteria
EOCT Prep
53. There are many different ecological and
environmental conservation methods.
Which of the following is not a
conservation method?
• A) water harvesting
• B) fishing seasons and limits
• C) limiting of clear cutting of forests
• D) wind and wave erosion on coastal
areas
ANSWER
• D) wind and wave erosion on coastal
areas
EOCT Prep
54. If the somatic cells of a human contain
46 chromosomes, then after meiosis new
sex cells would contain _____
chromosomes.
• A) 23
• B) 46
• C) 64
• D) 92
ANSWER
• A) 23
EOCT Prep
55. Which organisms
have the most energy
available to them?
• A) birds or omnivores
• B) plants or producers
• C) fungi or
decomposers
• D) animals or
carnivores
ANSWER
• B) plants or producers
EOCT Prep
• 56. How would global
warming change the water
cycle and the climate around
bodies of water, like oceans
and lakes?
• A) Warmer temperatures
would cause in a drier, hotter
climate.
• B) Warmer temperatures
would cause more precipitation
and less run-off.
• C) Warmer temperatures
would cause more evaporation
and more precipitation.
• D) Warmer temperatures
would cause more evaporation
and much less ground water.
ANSWER
• C) Warmer temperatures would cause
more evaporation and more precipitation.
EOCT Prep
57. During the early stages of meiosis, two
chromosomes in a homologous pair may
exchange segments, producing genetic
variation in sex cells. This process of
exchange is called
• A) transcription.
• B) crossing over.
• C) nondisjunction.
• D) genetic shuffling.
ANSWER
• B) crossing over.
EOCT Prep
58. The governor of New York calls a press conference to address a
major environmental problem in the state. In his speech, he
mentions that pine forests in upstate New York are turning brown
and dying, that fish in upstate rivers are being found dead on the
shore, the soil quality all over the state is suffering, and that the
metal in buildings in New York City is corroding.
• What environmental problem likely caused these all of these
problems?
•
•
•
•
A) Smog from city areas is causing acid rain.
B) Global warming causes all of these problems.
C) The groundwater has become polluted from city runoff.
D) There is a hole in the ozone layer over New York state.
ANSWER
• A) Smog from city areas is causing acid
rain.
EOCT Prep
59. Which of these organic molecules
functions to help speed up biological
chemical reactions?
• A) lipids
• B) proteins
• C) nucleic acids
• D) carbohydrates
ANSWER
• B) proteins
• *Remember- Enzymes are Proteins*
EOCT Prep
60. The early ancestors of the
horse (shown in the picture)
were adapted to life in tropical
forests. Gradually the forests
disappeared and were replaced
with open grasslands. Because
of the gradual change in habitat,
modern horses
• A) have five toes that allow them
to walk well on soft ground.
• B) are herbivores instead of
carnivores like their early
ancestors.
• C) are taller with long legs and are
capable of great speed to escape
predators.
• D) have gradually grown larger,
but show no major changes from
the early ancestors.
ANSWER
• C) are taller with long legs and are
capable of great speed to escape
predators.