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
20.6 Force between Two Parallel Wires

Wire #1 has a magnetic field
 o I1
B1 
2 d
that produces a force on wire #2
 o I1 I 2
F2 
l2
2 d
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
20.7 Solenoids and Electromagnets
B

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 o IN
l
The magnetic field of the coil can be increased by
adding an iron core.
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20.9 Torque on a Current Loop
Torque = (Force)(Lever Arm) = NIAB sinθ
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20.10 Applications
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
20.11 Mass Spectrometer

Determine a particle’s mass
qBBr
m
E

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Discovery of isotopes
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
20.12 Ferromagnetism

Magnetic domains: groups of aligned atoms


The motion of electrons in atoms: orbiting and
“spinning”


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What do they look like?
Most objects are non-magnetic since the electron motions
are cancelled out by other electrons
Magnetic permeability B = Bo + BM
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Determine the direction of the force on a positive charge.
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Determine the direction of the velocity on a negative charge.

F

F

F
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
F
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