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Potential and conservative energy What is energy? In physics and other sciences, energy (from the Greek ἐνέργεια - energeia, "activity, operation", from ἐνεργός energos, "active, working"[1]) is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems which is conserved by nature. Energy is often defined as the ability to do work. Several different forms of energy, including kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound energy, light energy, elastic, electromagnetic, chemical, nuclear, and mass have been defined to explain all known natural phenomena. Energy is converted from one form to another. This principle, the conservation of energy . Conservative Force A conservative force may be defined as one for which the work done in moving between two points A and B is independent of the path taken between the two points. The implication of "conservative" in this context is that you could move it from A to B by one path and return to A by another path with no net loss of energy - any closed return path to A takes net zero work. A further implication is that the energy of an object which is subject only to that conservative force is dependent upon its position and not upon the path by which it reached that position. This makes it possible to define a potential energy function which depends upon position only Potential energy Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration. An object may have the capacity for doing work as a result of its position in a gravitational field (gravitational potential energy), an electric field (electric potential energy), or a magnetic field (magnetic potential energy). It may have elastic potential energy as a result of a stretched spring or other elastic deformation Potential Energy Function If a force acting on an object is a function of position only, it is said to be a conservative force, and it can be represented by a potential energy function which for a one-dimensional case satisfies the derivative condition Potential energy can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, and to do work in the process. The standard (SI) unit of measure for potential energy is the joule, the same as for work, or energy in general. Potential energy is the energy which is stored. Types of potential energy. Gravitational energy is the potential energy associated with gravitational force . Elastic Chemical potential energy Chemical potential energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules. The electrostatic potential energy is the energy of an electrically charged particle Conservative Forces and Potential Energy Conservative Forces are reversible forces, meaning that the work done by a conservative force is recoverable, i.e. you can get out any work you put in or vise versa. When you apply an external agent to change the state of a system that is also acted upon by a conservative force then the system can be restored to its initial state without using any other external agent. Lifting a rock is one example. When you apply an external agent to change the state of a system that is also acted upon by a conservative force then the system can be restored to its initial state without using any other external agent. Lifting a rock is one example. The Relation between potential energy and force Potential energy is closely linked with forces. If the work done moving along a path which starts and ends in the same location is zero, then the force is said to be conservative and it is possible to define a numerical value of potential associated with every point in space. A force field can be re-obtained by taking the vector gradient of the potential field. Done by : Ghada al-husseini Physical science 101 Student no. 200622041 Dr. Awatif Hindi