Download Chapters 8 through 10

Chapters 8 through 10
Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400
I.
Terms
II.
End of the Beginning
III.
Transformation of the Roman World
i.
IV.
New Germanic Kingdoms
a)
Franks
b)
Role of the Church
c)
Monks and their Mission
d)
Church Support for Clovis’ Descendants
Charlemagne and the Carolingians
i.
Intellectual Renewal
ii.
Daily Life
a)
Family, Marriage, Sexuality
b)
Diet and Health
V.
Lords and Vassals
i.
Invasions of the 9th and 10th century
a)
Muslims
b)
Magyars
c)
Vikings
ii.
Development of Fief Holding
iii.
Subinfeudination
iv.
Feudal Contract
VI.
Evolution of European Kingdoms
i.
England in the High Middle Ages
a)
William
b)
Henry II
c)
Richard
d)
John
e)
Edward I
VII.
Daily World
i.
New Agriculture
ii.
Manorial System
a)
Nobility

Daily Life

Role of Women
b)
Peasants / Serfs

Daily Life

Role of Women
iii.
Life in the Medieval City
i.
Daily Life
ii.
Mores
VIII.
Culture of the High Middle Ages
i.
Universities
ii.
Scholasticism
IX.
Crusades
X.
Castles
XI.
Conclusion
I. TERMS
MIDDLE AGES:
Dark Ages
378 - 800
Middle Ages
800 - 1300
High Middle Ages 1300 - 1400
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378 – 1400
II. END OF THE BEGINNING
250 – migrations
Visogoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians, Lombards
BUT FOR THE HUNS
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III.
Transformation of the Roman World
i.
New Germanic Kingdoms
a.
Kingdom of the Franks
i.
b.
Line of Merovingian kings – Clovis I (481-511)
Role of the Christian Church
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
10
Link to ancient world – time of order and structure
Church role
Council of Nicea, 325
Heresy
Cluniac Reform Movement
Augustine
Petrine Doctrine
Interdict
Purgatory
Concordat of Worms 1122
c) Monks and Their Mission

Ascetism

St Francis
d) Church support for descendants of Clovis – OUT OF NEED
i. ‘Hammer’ – Charles Martel
iii. Charles Martel’s son – Pepin
 first Carolingian King 741
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IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Charlemagne extended Frankish power by conquest over
virtually all of Gaul and into Germany and Italy
Symbolized fusion of Roman, Germanic and Christian culture
Missi dominici
Rise of other powers – Normans, Saxons
i. Intellectual Renewal

recruited intellectuals from England, Spain, Ireland, Italy to lead an
educational reform program
ii. Daily Life
a. Family, Marriage, Sexuality
civil institution ~ church
Marriages arranged by fathers
b. Diet and health
BREAD
Lower classes;
Upper class:
V. Lords and Vassals
i.
Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
a.
b.
c.
ii.
Muslims
 Stopped at battle of Poitiers, 732 by Charles Martel – France
 Stopped at Constantinople in 717.
Magyars from western Asia
 Magyars defeated at battle of Lechfeld, 955; converted to
Christianity
The Vikings
 Norsemen out of Norway
 Reasons for invasions
Development of Fief-Holding
a. Breakdown of government
b. Vassalage
ii. Fief
iii. Subinfeudation
iv. Feudal contract of fief holding


Vassal ~ Lord
Lord ~ Vassal
VI. Evolution of European Kingdoms
Cast of Characters:
Anglo-Saxons
Normans
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i. England in the High Middle Ages
a. William of Normandy
 Origins:



King Edward
Harold Godwinson
1066 – Battle of Hastings.
 Feudalism
 English language
 Domesday Book (Doomsday)
b. Henry II (1154-1189), Plantagenet
 Born March 1133, crowned 1154.
 Eleanor of Aquitaine. Marries her 1152.
 Thomas à Becket
 1173 – Revolt.
 1183 – 2nd Revolt by Henry’s son Henry.
c. Richard the Lion-Hearted
•
Legends and myths
•
10 year reign
•
Crusades – 3rd Crusade, September 1190
•
•
June 1191 – Arrives at Acre to relieve city of siege from
Saladin
Captured by Leopold V ~ Henry VI
•
Brother – John
•
1199 – France
d. John (1199-1216)
 Loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and Brittany
 Identity
 Magna Carta, June 12, 1215
e. Edward I (1272-1307)
–
–
–
–
–
Longshanks
Born 1239.
1st – Eleanor of Castile
2nd - Marguerite of France
Military:
» 8th – 9th Crusades
» Welsh wars 1260s
» Scottish wars 1291-1305ish
– English Parliament, 1295
» Two knights from every county and two residents from each
town meet with the Grand Council
» House of Lords and House of Commons
» Law made in consultation with representatives
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VII.
Daily World
i.
The New Agriculture
ii.
The Manorial system
•
manor sustained the three orders of medieval society
–
–
–
–
a)
Noble
Pray – Clergy
Fight – Knights
Serfs / Peasants
Nobles

Demesne


Daily Life
Aristocratic Women
b)
Serfs / Peasants


Daily Life
Role of Women
iii. Daily Life in the Medieval City
a. Daily Life
b. Mores
c. Industry in Medieval Cities
Guilds
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VIII.The Culture of the High Middle Ages
a) Rise of universities




Irnerius (1088-1125), Bologna
University of Paris
Oxford
Liberal arts curriculum
b) Development of Scholasticism
 Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Summa Theologica
 Vernacular literature
The Crusades
7th century (638) – control of Jerusalem up until that time ?
In 1071, Byzantine forces routed and Constantinople in question – called upon
Europe for help.
1095 – Council of Clermont – Pope Urban II
1st Crusade 1095-1099
One important result of 1st crusade was economic growth for Italy.
Arab unity
2nd Crusade:
3rd Crusade - 1189
4th Crusade turned against the Venetians
Children’s Crusade - 1212
5th Crusade - 1219
6th Crusade led by Frederick II resulted in retaking Jerusalem w/o a fight.
Large civilian population killed, Arab unity