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WEB325 Building Data-Driven Web Sites in ASP.NET 2.0 Rob Howard [email protected] Telligent Corporation Contact and Slides Rob Howard [email protected] www.telligent.com Telligent .NET Software Development Company Builds Community Server (communityserver.org) Download Slides & Demos www.rob-howard.net Will be posted ASAP Review: ASP.NET 1.X ASP.NET 1.X Introduced data controls Introduced data binding concepts Working with data in ASP.NET 1.X Easy and simple Too much code still required though ASP.NET 2.0 Specifically addresses common scenarios Makes working with data even easier Agenda Safer connection string storage Data binding gets easier Declarative data binding Working with the new data controls Caching data Connection String Storage Persistence and declarative referencing Stored in *.config Avoid hard-coding within pages/code Can be optionally encrypted Built-in design time support Promote use for best practices Enable optional encrypting of values in config Admin Support MMC Admin Tool Support Configuration API Support Config Connection Strings Web.config: <connectionStrings> <add name="pubs“ ProviderName=“…” connectionString=“…” /> </connectionStrings> Page.aspx: <asp:SqlDataSource Id=“MySource” ConnectionString=“<%$ connectionStrings:pubs %>” SelectCommand=“select au_id from authors” runat=“server”/> Code.vb: Dim connstr As String = ConfigurationSettings.ConnectionStrings(“pubs”) Connection Strings Data Binding Gets Easier Expressions are cleaner Support hierarchical (XML) data binding <!-- ASP.NET 1.x data binding expression --> <%# DataBinder.Eval (Container.DataItem, "Price") %> <!-- Equivalent ASP.NET 2.0 data binding expression --> <%# Eval ("Price") %> <!-- XML data binding --> <%# XPath ("Price") %> Declarative Data Binding Controls bound at appropriate time Wire-up done through properties Page lifecycle knowledge not required Name Description SqlDataSource Connects data-binding controls to SQL databases AccessDataSource Connects data-binding controls to Access databases XmlDataSource Connects data-binding controls to XML data ObjectDataSource Connects data-binding controls to data components SiteMapDataSource Connects site navigation controls to site map data SqlDataSource Data binding to SQL Database Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, etc. Two-way data binding supported SelectCommand InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, and DeleteCommand Optional caching of query results Parameterized operation Using SqlDataSource <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Titles" ConnectionString="<%$ connectionStrings:pubs %>" RunAt="server“ SelectCommand="select title_id, title, price from titles" /> <asp:DataGrid DataSourceID="Titles" RunAt="server" /> SqlDataSource Properties Name Description ConnectionString Connection string used to connect to data source SelectCommand Command used to perform queries InsertCommand Command used to perform inserts UpdateCommand Command used to perform updates DeleteCommand Command used to perform deletes DataSourceMode Specifies whether DataSet or DataReader is used (default = DataSet) ProviderName Specifies provider (default = SQL Server .NET provider) SQL Data Binding SqlDataSource and Caching Support declarative caching Name Description EnableCaching Specifies whether caching is enabled (default = false) CacheDuration Length of time in seconds results should be cached CacheExpirationPolicy Specifies whether cache duration is sliding or absolute CacheKeyDependency Creates dependency on specified cache key SqlCacheDependency Creates dependency on specified database entity Caching Query Results <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Countries" RunAt="server" SelectCommand="select ..." EnableCaching="true" CacheDuration="60" /> <asp:DropDownList ID="MyDropDownList" DataSourceID="Countries“ DataTextField="country" AutoPostBack="true" RunAt="server" /> Parameterized Commands Parameter properties Parameterized database commands Example: Get value for WHERE clause in SelectCommand from query string parameter or item selected in drop-down list Example: Get value for WHERE clause in DeleteCommand from GridView Parameters Properties Name Description SelectParameters Specifies parameters for SelectCommand InsertParameters Specifies parameters for InsertCommand UpdateParameters Specifies parameters for UpdateCommand DeleteParameters Specifies parameters for DeleteCommand FilterParameters Specifies parameters for FilterExpression Parameter Types Name Description Parameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a data field ControlParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a control property CookieParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a cookie value FormParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a form field ProfileParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a profile property QueryStringParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a query string parameter SessionParameter Binds a replaceable parameter to a session variable Using ControlParameter <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Countries" RunAt="server" SelectCommand="select distinct ..." /> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Customers" RunAt="server" SelectCommand="select * from customers where country=@Country"> <SelectParameters> <asp:ControlParameter Name="Country" ControlID="MyDropDownList" PropertyName="SelectedValue" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> <asp:DropDownList ID="MyDropDownList" DataSourceID="Countries" DataTextField="country" AutoPostBack="true" RunAt="server" /> <asp:DataGrid DataSourceID="Customers" RunAt="server" /> Calling Stored Procedures <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Countries" RunAt="server" ConnectionString="server=localhost;database=northwind;..." SelectCommand="proc_GetCountries" /> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Customers" RunAt="server" ConnectionString="server=localhost;database=northwind;..." SelectCommand="proc_GetCustomers"> <SelectParameters> <asp:ControlParameter Name="Country" ControlID="MyDropDownList" PropertyName="SelectedValue" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> <asp:DropDownList ID="MyDropDownList" DataSourceID="Countries" DataTextField="country" AutoPostBack="true" RunAt="server" /> <asp:DataGrid DataSourceID="Customers" RunAt="server" /> CREATE PROCEDURE proc_GetCustomers @Country nvarchar (32) AS SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country = @Country GO CREATE PROCEDURE proc_GetCountries AS SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers ORDER BY Country GO SqlDataSource Data Source Capabilities Common data operations get easier Sorting and paging Selecting, updating, inserting, deleting Page developer Sets properties to enable operations Ex., UpdateCommand “Smart” data-bound controls Use these capabilities directly Ex., <asp:GridView>, <asp:DetailsView> Sorting, Paging, Updating Data Source Paging Previous demo does paging in UI layer SqlDataSource returns all data rows Performs paging by rendering subset of rows Paging supported on data source interface Select (int startRowIndex, int maxRows) Requires user-defined procedure or custom code Data-bound controls Don’t need to page in the UI layer Useful (and required) for large amounts of data Updates, Inserts, Deletes GridView Extracts values from input controls Keys from viewstate (DataKeyNames) Dictionaries passed to data source operation Update: Keys, Values, OldValues Delete: Keys, OldValues Data source applies parameters to command Relies on naming convention for parameters Keys, OldValues formatted with “original_” prefix OldValuesParameterFormatString defines prefix Programmability Data source events Enable custom processing Use event to: Manipulate command and parameters Cancel operations Handle errors Retrieve return values and output params Rows affected Data-bound controls expose similar events Data Source Events Page.aspx.vb Sub MySource_Selecting(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs) Dim cmd As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand = e.Command cmd.Parameters(“UserId”).Value = User.Identity.Name End Sub Page.aspx <asp:SqlDataSource ID=“MySource” … OnSelecting=“MySource_Selecting” SelectCommand=“sp_GetUserPreferences” runat=“server”/> ObjectDataSource Most applications encapsulate data logic Best practice and simplifies maintenance Embedding SQL code is not recommended ObjectDataSource Bind to custom business objects Visual Studio data components Parallels SqlDataSource in object model <asp:ObjectDataSource ID=“MySource” TypeName=“CustomersDB” SelectMethod=“GetCustomersByRegion” UpdateMethod=“UpdateCustomer” runat=“server”/> ObjectDataSource Web Page <asp:ObjectDataSource ID = ObjectDataSource1 TypeName = OrdersComponent SelectMethod = GetOrders UpdateMethod = UpdateOrder DeleteMethod = DeleteOrder DataSourceID = ObjectDataSource1 Returns IEnumerable of Orders • Order.OrderID • Order.OrderName • Order.OrderDate OrderItemsComponent OrdersComponent CompaniesComponent Northwind Database ObjectDataSource Select method can return any Object IEnumerable list Collection or array GetProducts() -> ProductCollection GetProductsDataSet() -> DataSet GetProduct (int productId) -> Product ObjectDataSource Update, Insert, Delete methods Take individual fields or data item object UpdateProduct (int id, String name, double price) UpdateProduct (Product p) // p.Name, p.Price, etc. DeleteProduct (int id) For automatic updates/inserts/deletes Property or parameter names must match selected fields for GridView/DetailsView Key Properties Name Description TypeName Type name of data component SelectMethod Method called on data component to perform queries InsertMethod Method called on data component to perform inserts UpdateMethod Method called on data component to perform updates DeleteMethod Method called on data component to perform deletes EnableCaching Specifies whether caching is enabled (default = false) Key Properties (cont’d) Name Description CacheDuration Length of time in seconds data should be cached SqlCacheDependency Creates dependency on specified database entity SelectParameters Specifies parameters for SelectMethod InsertParameters Specifies parameters for InsertMethod UpdateParameters Specifies parameters for UpdateMethod DeleteParameters Specifies parameters for DeleteMethod Initialization and Clean-Up Data operation methods Can identify static methods Can identify instance methods If instance methods are used: New class instance on each call Must have public default constructor ObjectCreated and ObjectDisposing Events to initialize or clean-up Using ObjectDataSource What about DataSets? “A middle tier data access layer for Web and client” Works for both Web and client applications Created from DB schema Dynamic SQL Stored Procedures Exposes methods to “Fill” and “Fetch” Auto-generated Insert/Update/Delete What about DataSets? Supports partial classes for custom logic Built in support for common tasks Select, Update, Insert, Delete Batch updates, Conflict resolution* Works with Web services and remoting DataTable can be standalone (XmlSerializable, ReadXml) Exposes “GetBy” for stateless calls Can be used with custom base classes GridView Control Enhanced DataGrid control Renders sets of records as HTML tables Built-in sorting, paging, selecting, updating, and deleting support Supports rich assortment of field types, including CheckBoxFields Declared in <Columns> element Highly customizable UI GridView Example <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Employees" RunAt="server" SelectCommand="select lastname, .../> <asp:GridView DataSourceID="Employees" Width="100%" RunAt="server" /> Rendered GridView GridView Field Types Name Description BoundField Renders columns of text from fields in data source ButtonField Renders columns of buttons (push button, image, or link) CheckBoxField Renders Booleans as check boxes CommandField Renders controls for selecting and editing GridView data HyperLinkField Renders columns of hyperlinks ImageField Renders columns of images from URL text TemplateField Renders columns using HTML templates Specifying Field Types <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Employees" RunAt="server" ConnectionString="server=localhost;database=northwind;..." SelectCommand="select photo, lastname, firstname, title from employees" /> <asp:GridView DataSourceID="Employees" Width="100%" RunAt="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" > <Columns> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name"> <ItemTemplate> <%# Eval ("firstname") + " " + Eval ("lastname") %> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="title" /> </Columns> </asp:GridView> Rendered Output DetailsView Control Renders individual records Pair with GridView for master-detail views Or use without GridView to display individual records Built-in paging, inserting, updating, deleting Uses same field types as GridView Declared in <Fields> element Highly customizable UI DetailsView Example <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Employees" RunAt="server" ConnectionString="server=localhost;database=northwind;..." SelectCommand="select employeeid, photo, ... from employees" /> <asp:DetailsView DataSourceID="Employees" RunAt="server" AllowPaging="true" AutoGenerateRows="false" PagerSettings-Mode="NextPreviousFirstLast"> <Fields> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Employee ID" DataField="employeeid" /> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Date Hired" DataField="hiredate" /> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name"> <ItemTemplate> <%# Eval ("firstname") + " " + Eval ("lastname") %> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="title" /> </Fields> </asp:DetailsView> Rendered Output Master-Detail SQL Cache Invalidation New cache dependency type Embodied in SqlCacheDependency class Configured through <sqlCacheDependency> configuration section Links cached items to database entities ASP.NET application cache ASP.NET output cache Compatible with SQL Server 7, 2000, 2005 Using SqlCacheDependency with the Application Cache Cache.Insert ("Products", products, new SqlCacheDependency ("Northwind", "Products"); Database name Table name Using SqlCacheDependency with the Output Cache <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" SqlDependency="Northwind:Products" %> Database name Table name Using SqlCacheDependency with SqlDataSource <asp:SqlDataSource ID="Countries" RunAt="server" ConnectionString="server=localhost;database=northwind;..." SelectCommand="select distinct country from customers order by country" EnableCaching="true" CacheDuration="60000" SqlCacheDependency="Northwind:Customers" /> <asp:DropDownList ID="MyDropDownList" DataSourceID="Countries" DataTextField="country" AutoPostBack="true" RunAt="server" /> Database name Table name Cache Configuration <cache> Enable/disable application cache Enable/disable item expiration and more <outputCache>, <outputCacheSettings> Enable/disable output caching Enable/disable disk-based persistence Set maximum size per app and more <sqlCacheDependency> SQL Cache Invalidation Review Simplified data binding Data source controls Data controls GridView and DetailsView controls Editing with GridView and DetailsView Caching SQL Cache Invalidation Cache configuration Your Feedback is Important! Please Fill Out a Survey for This Session on CommNet © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
