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All Powder Board and Ski Oracle 9i Workbook Chapter 9: Database Administration Jerry Post Copyright © 2003 1 Oracle System Tables (Synonyms): Metadata Prefixes ALL_ DBA_ USER_ Synonym Description CONSTRAINTS IND_COLS MVIEWS SEQUENCES SYNONYMS TAB_COLUMNS TABLES TRIGGER_COLS TRIGGERS TYPES USERS VIEWS Table constraints and keys Indexed columns Materialized views Sequences Synonyms Table columns Tables Trigger columns Triggers User-defined data types Users Views (saved queries) SELECT Table_Name, Pct_Free FROM USER_TABLES 2 Oracle Data Storage Tablespace Table Data Tablespace Rollback segments Redo logs Disk Drive Data Files Data Files Disk Drive Data Files Data Files RAID drives automatically spread files across multiple drives. Even without RAID you can manually assign table data and rollback segments to different drives. Goal: Substantially improved performance and recovery in case of hardware failure. 3 Gather Statistics Statistics about the data within each table tell Oracle how to optimize queries. The tuning system also uses the statistics to make recommendations about indexes to improve performance. The older command is: Analyze Table Customer compute statistics; Oracle now recommends that you use the DBMS_STATS package instead to analyze the entire database (or schema) at one time. Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Database_Stats Or Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Schema_Stats(‘powder’) Or Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Table_Stats (‘powder’, ‘Customer’) But, you might first have to run the catproc.sql script 4 Enterprise Manager Console Diagnostics Pack Lock Manager Performance Tuner Performance Overview Top Sessions Top SQL Trace Data Viewer Tuning Pack Oracle Expert Outline Manager SQL Analyze Tablespace Map 5 Performance Overview (Monitor) 6 Drill Down to Find Causes 7 Oracle Expert: Tuning Session Select all items Comprehensive 8 Tuning: Collect Statistics You might skip the Instance checks for now Use the schema options to select your schema 9 Select Schemas Click the button to see a list of schemas Be sure to include your schema that holds the All Powder tables 10 Expert Recommendations Specific table index recommendations Details on storage locations 11 SQL Analyze SELECT Lastname, Firstname, Customer.CustomerID FROM Customer, Sale WHERE Customer.CustomerID = Sale.CustomerID AND Customer.CustomerID NOT IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Rental) ORDER BY Lastname, Firstname; List customers who bought items but never rented anything. Note that the query analyzer does not support the newer INNER JOIN syntax 12 Index Recommendations Get index recommendations Virtual Index Wizard 13 SQL Tuning Wizard 14 Tuning Wizard Recommendation 15 Original Query Costs 16 Revised Query Costs Note the correlated subquery Note the two hash joins instead of one Substantially lower total costs 17 Backup and Recovery You could shut down the database and copy the data files and the control file Make sure the Oracle Management Server is installed and running. You need Archive Log mode set to handle a running backup You might have to install it from the main install wizard Make sure the OracleOraHome92ManagementServer service is running (it is set to Manual start) Use the Enterprise Manager Console to log in. The initial username/password is: sysman/oem_temp Select the database/Instance/Configuration in the tree view Under the Recovery tab, check the Archive Log mode This option will generate lots of data files since all changes to the database will be saved in these archive files Run or schedule the backup Tools/Database Tools/Backup Management/Backup 18 Backup and Recovery Manager Channels are disk or tape locations to hold the backup copies 19 Schedule Backup 20 User-Level Security Database Administrator Assign permissions Database Application Form1 Form 2 Form 3 Form 4 Workgroup database Usernames and passwords User 1 User 2 21 User Groups Sales table Customer table Item table Sales clerks S,U,I S,U,I S Sales Managers S,U,I,D S,U,I S S,U,I S Rental Managers Sales Managers Assign permissions to groups or roles based on tasks, and assign users to groups. Permissions only have to be set once. Employee changes are handled by moving individuals into or out of groups. Sales clerks Individual users 22 Create New Users Internal or external authentication For many accounts at once, use SQL 23 Create New Roles Select table object Grant permissions 24 Assign Roles to Users 25