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Database Models and
Introduction to Access
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management and
Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Last Time
• Database concepts and terminology
• Database Life cycle
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Terms and Concepts
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Database:
Enterprise
Entity
Attributes
Data values
Records
File
Key
Primary Key
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Terms and Concepts
• Data Independence
• Models
– (1) Levels or views of the Database
• Conceptual, logical, physical
– (2) DBMS types
• Relational, Hierarchic, Network, Object-Oriented,
Object-Relational
• Metadata
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Models (1)
Application 1
External
Model
Application 2
Application 3
Application 4
External
Model
External
Model
External
Model
Application 1
Conceptual
requirements
Application 2
Conceptual
requirements
Application 3
Conceptual
requirements
Conceptual
Model
Logical
Model
Application 4
Conceptual
requirements
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Internal
Model
Terms and Concepts
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Data Dictionary
Data Administration
Database Administration
Data Steward
DA
DBA
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Database System Life Cycle
Physical
Creation
2
Conversion
3
Design
1
Growth,
Change, &
Maintenance
6
Integration
4
Operations
5
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Today
• Models(2): DBMS types
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Hierarchical
Network
Relational
Object-Oriented
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Database Data Models
• Hierarchical Model
– Similar to data structures in programming
languages.
Books
(id, title)
Authors
(first, last)
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Publisher
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Subjects
Database Data Models
• Network Model
– Provides for single entries of data and
navigational “links” through chains of data.
Authors
Subjects
Books
Publishers
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Database Data Models
• Relational Model
– Provides a conceptually simple model for data
as relations (typically considered “tables”) with
all data visible.
pubid
Book ID
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5
Title
pubid
Introductio
The history
New stuff ab
Another title
And yet more
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2
4
3
2
1
Author id
1
2
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5
1
2
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Book ID
pubname
Harper
Addison
Oxford
Que
Authorid
1
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Author name
Smith
Wynar
Jones
Duncan
Applegate
Subid
1
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Subid
Subject
1 cataloging
2 history
3 stuff
Database Data Models
• Object Oriented Data Model
– Encapsulates data and operations as “Objects”
Books
(id, title)
Authors
(first, last)
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Publisher
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Subjects
Test Database
• The DiveShop database contains information for
the business operations of a skin & scuba diving
shop that:
– Organizes trips to particular locations (destinations)
with various dive sites
– Dive sites have various features including
• types of marine life found there
• other features (like shipwrecks)
– Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers for particular
trips (or to other dive shops)
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
ER Diagrams
• We will examine ER diagrams in greater
detail later
• ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles) and
their attributes (ovals) and the relationships
between entities (diamonds)
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
Site
Highlight
Site
Notes
Site Name
Destination
no
Distance
From Town (M)
Distance
From Town (Km)
Depth (ft)
Sites
Depth (m)
Site no
Visibility(ft)
Skill Level
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Visibility (m)
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
City
State/Prov
ZIP/Postal
Code
Country
Street
Name
DiveCust
First
Contact
Customer no
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Phone
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
Avg
Temp (C)
Spring
Temp (F)
Avg
Temp (F)
Destination
name
Summer
Temp (C)
Summer
Temp (F)
Fall
Temp (C)
Dest
Fall
Temp (F)
Destination no
Accommodations
Travel
Cost
Body of
Water
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Winter
Winter Temp (C)
Temp (F)
Night
Life
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
Species
Name
Length
(cm)
Length
(in)
Common
Name
Notes
external
Category
Graphic
external
BioLife
Species no
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
Type
Interest
Tonnage
Length
(ft)
Category
Site no
Length
(m)
Shipwrck
Beam
(ft)
Ship Name
Graphic
external
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Condition
Passengers/
Crew
Survivors
Comments
external
Cause
Date
Sunk
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Beam
(m)
Diveshop ER Entities
On Hand
Reorder
Point
Equipment
Class
Description
Sale
Price
DiveStok
Item No
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Cost
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER Entities
Ship
Via
Subtotal
Sale
Date
Total
Invoice
Customer
No
Payment
Method
DiveOrds
Order no
Vacation
Cost
CCNumber
Destination
Return
Date
8/31/99
No of
People
Depart
Date
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
CCExpDate
Diveshop ER diagram
Price
Qty
Rental/
Sale
Item no
Line
Note
DiveItem
Order no
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Line
Total
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER diagram
Species
No
Site
No
BioSite
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Diveshop ER diagram
Ship
Via
Ship
Cost
ShipVia
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Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
DiveShop ER Diagram
Customer
No
DiveCust
1
Destination
Name
Destination
no
Customer
No
1
n
Dest
Destination
no
Site No
1
Site No
Species
No
n
BioSite
ShipVia
n
DiveOrds
n
1
1
1
Destination
n
Sites
Order
No
n
1
1/n
DiveItem
ShipWrck
n
Site No
1
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Order
No
Item
No
n
1
Species
No
ShipVia
BioLife
DiveStok
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson
Item
No
ShipVia
Diveshop Questions
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How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware?
What is customer Karen Ng’s address?
At what site might you find a Spotted Eagle Ray?
Where is the site Palancar Reef?
What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip?
Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip.
Is he going to the right place?
• What equipment is Richard Denning getting?
• What is the cost of the equipment rental for Louis
Jazdzewski
8/31/99
Database Management -- Fall 1999 -- R. Larson