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The SQL Database Grammar
CSE
4100
BNF Grammar for SQL
/*
The grammar rules that follow have been taken from
/*
"System R", Appendix II, M.M. Astrahan, et al., ACM Trans.
/*
on Database Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 1976.
/*
The rules given below in BNF have the following assumptions:
/*
(1) all non-terminals are in lower-case,
/*
(2) all terminals (recognized by LEX/lex.yy.c) are in upper-case,
<statement>
::= <dml-statement>
|
<ddl-statement>
<dml-statement>
::=
|
|
|
<selection>
<insertion>
<deletion>
<update>
<selection>
::=
<select-clause> FROM <from-list>
<where-clause> <grp-ord-clause>
<select-clause>
::=
SELECT
<select-list>
::=
|
<sel-expr-list>
MULT-OP
<sel-expr-list>
::=
|
<sel-expr>
<sel-expr-list>
::=
<expr>
<sel-expr>
<select-list>
COMMA
<sel-expr>
SQL.1
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
The SQL Database Grammar
<from-list>
CSE
4100
<where-clause>
::=
|
<table-name>
<from-list> COMMA
::=
|
<empty>
WHERE <boolean>
<table-name>
<nested-select>
<nested-select>
::= <empty>
| <and-or> <table-name> <comparison> LPAR
<selection> RPAR
<grp-ord-clause>
::=
|
|
<empty>
GROUP BY
ORDER BY
<insertion>
::=
INSERT INTO <receiver> COLON <insert-spec-source>
<receiver>
::=
<table-name>
<insert-spec-target>
::=
|
<empty>
LPAR <field-name-list>
::=
|
<field-name >
<field-name-list>
COMMA
<field-name>
::=
|
<field-name >
<field-name-list>
COMMA
<field-name>
::=
<literal>
<field-name-list>
<field-name-list>
<insert-spec-source>
<field-spec-list>
<field-spec-list>
<insert-spec-target>
RPAR
SQL.2
The SQL Database Grammar
<deletion>
CSE
4100 <update>
::=
DELETE
<table-name>
<where-clause>
::=
UPDATE <table-name> <set-clause-list> <where-clause>
<set-clause-list>
::=
<set-clause>
<set-clause>
::=
SET
<boolean>
::=
|
<boolean-term>
<boolean> OR <boolean-term>
<boolean-term>
::=
|
<boolean-factor>
<boolean-term> AND
<boolean-factor>
::=
<boolean-primary>
<boolean-primary>
::=
<predicate>
<predicate>
::=
<expr>
<comparison>
::=
<comp-op>
<comp-op>
::=
|
|
EQ
<relat-op>
<in-notin>
::=
|
<empty>
<all-any>
<all-any-opt>
<field-name>
EQ
<comparison>
<expr>
<boolean-factor>
<table-spec>
<all-any-opt>
SQL.3
The SQL Database Grammar
CSE
4100
<all-any>
::=
ALL
|ANY
<in-notin>
::=
IN
|NOT IN
<relat-op>
::=
NE
|RWEDGE
<table-spec>
::=
|
<literal>
<expr>
<literal>
::=
|
<lit-tuple>
LPAR <entry-list>
::=
|
<entry>
LWEDGE <entry-list>
::=
|
<entry>
<entry-list>
::=
::=
|
<constant>
<arith-term >
<expr> ADD-OP
::=
|
<arith-factor>
<arith-term> MULT-OP
::=
::=
::=
<opt-add-op> <primary>
<empty> |ADD-OP
AND |OR
<lit-tuple>
<entry-list>
<entry>
<expr>
<arith-term>
<arith-factor>
<opt-add-op>
<and-or>
|GE
|LWEDGE
COMMA
|LE
RPAR
RWEDGE
<entry>
<arith-term>
<arith-factor>
SQL.4
The SQL Database Grammar
<primary>
CSE
4100
::=
|
|
|
<field-spec>
<set-fn> LPAR <expr>
LPAR <expr> RPAR
<constant>
RPAR
<field-spec-list>
::=
<field-spec>
<field-spec>
::=
|
<field-name>
<table-name>
<set-fn>
::=
AVG
<constant>
::=
|
QUOTE <constant-value>
INTEGER
<constant-value>
::=
IDENTIFIER
<field-name>
::=
IDENTIFIER
<table-name>
::=
IDENTIFIER
<empty>
::=
EPSILON
|MAX
DOT
|MIN
<field-name>
|SUM
|COUNT
QUOTE
|VALUE
SQL.5
The SQL Database Grammar
CSE
4100
<ddl-statement>
::=
<create-table>
<create-table>
::=
CREATE TABLE <table-name>
<field-defn-list>
<field-defn-list>
::=
|
<field-defn>
<field-defn-list>
<field-defn>
::=
<field-name>
<type>
::=
|
|
CHAR LPAR INTEGER RPAR
INT LPAR INTEGER RPAR
FLOAT LPAR INTEGER RPAR
<null-opt>
::=
|
<empty>
COMMA NONULL
LPAR
COMMA
COLON
<field-defn>
<type>
<null-opt>
RPAR
SQL.6