Download Insect -characters

Insects in the world
• Most successful animals
• Make up 2 out of three living things
• With other arthropods make up over 75% of
all animals
• Have been around for 350 million years
Number of total species
Insects
other
arthropods
Other
animals
Arthropods= Insects and their
relatives
Do not have a backbone(invertebrates)
Jointed legged animals include;
Ticks, mites ,spiders ,millipedes
Centipedes, and insects
What is an insect?
Insect -characters
• Body divided
into three
regions
Insect -characters
• Three sets of
legs
Easiest character to
see
Insect -characters
• One pair of
antennae
May be
small
<antennae
Insect -characters
• Wings
• Only birds,
bats and
insects
• Only found in
adult insects
• Not all insects
have wings
(fleas,springtails)
Spiders- Arachnids
• 4 pairs of legs
• No antennae
• No wings
• 2 body divisions
• Spiders are not
insects
Millipedes
Insect Development
or Metamorphosis
• Two forms of development
(change)
1. Simple/ Partial/ Primitive
2. Complete/ Advanced
Simple metamorphosis
Egg- nymph- adult
All life stages look similar, behave similar
Whole family can live and feed together
Simple(gradual) Metamorphosis
Simple(gradual) Metamorphosis
Simple Metamorphosis Orders
Complete Metamorphosis
• Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult
•
•
•
•
Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike
Can live in different environment
Eat different food
Larvae usually the main pest
Complete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis Orders
Insect Larvae
Exoskeleton
Why do insects look so strange?
Exoskeleton
• Insect covered with
hard outer shell
• Skin is very plastic
like
• Difficult to sense
environment
Exoskeleton
Molting
Cast skin of cicada
< notice slit
along back
Insect Development
• Cold blooded- development
influenced by temperature
• Most insects inactive below 50 0 F;
• Breed, eat, develop faster the
warmer it is up to 95 0 F.
Insect mouthparts-two types
• Chewing
mouthparts
damage
• Sucking
mouthparts
damage
<Piercing,sucking
mouth parts
Chewing mouthparts
<chewing
mouthparts
Chewing mouthparts
<chewing
mouthparts
Insect reproduction
1. Short life cycles- most go
through generation in 1- 6
weeks
2. Large number of offspring
/ female -100-2,000 eggs
Insect reproduction
Experiment
Fruit flies- 2 week life
cycle
26 generations/year
100 eggs / female
Insect Reproduction
In 1 year from 1 male and 1 female
if all offspring survive to breed
would produce
41
10 flies-
if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.
Insect Reproduction
A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in
diameter which is 2/3 of the distance
from earth to sun
·
Why doesn’t it happen?

Insect classification
• 26-28 Orders -to separate use
• Type of development
• Type of mouthparts
and
Insect classification
If present, number and type
Order Orthoptera
•
•
•
•
•
Roaches
Crickets
Walking sticks
Mantids
Grasshoppers
Order Orthoptera
• Simple development
• Chewing mouthparts
• Two pairs of wings/
first set are thickened and leather-like
Orthoptera wings
1st pair leather like, thickened
>
2nd pair thin flying wing
Orthoptera wings
Orthoptera
Earwigs- Dermaptera
• Short wing coverssecond pair not always
developed
• Simple development
• Chewing mouthparts
• Have terminal forceps
• 20 species in North
America
True bugs -Order Hemiptera
•Simple development
•Sucking mouthparts
•Two pairs of wings/
1st pair a half wing in Heterocera
True Bugs- Hemiptera wings
Two sets of wings
1st pair thick for
1st half , thin for other
< Half< wing
half wing
Conifer seed bug
Half wing
>
Aphids, scales, ciada
Suborder Homoptera
•Simple development
•Sucking mouthparts
•Two pairs of membrane type wings
Adult cicada
1
2
Ash leaf-curl aphids
Butterflies and moths Order Lepidoptera
•Complete development-larvae are caterpillars
•Larvae have chewing mouth parts
•Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales
Butterflies and moths Order Lepidoptera
Scaled wings
Iris borer
<true legs
caterpillar
<Prolegs with
crochets
Beetles- Order Coleoptera
•Complete development- larvae are grubs
•Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults
•Two pairs of wings-first hardened into
wing covers
Beetles- Order Coleoptera
Adult beetle
<wing cover
Asian Lady Beetle
Japanese beetle grubs
< 3 pairs of legs
True Flies- Order Diptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggots
•Chewing mouthparts in larvae/
variable in adults
•Adults only have 1 pair of wings
Horse fly
< 1 pair of wings
Wing veins
Antennae
16,914 species in North America
113 Families
Rat-tailed maggots
<larvae have no legs
Ants,bees,sawflies
Order Hymenoptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggot like
•Chewing mouthparts in larvae
•Two pairs of wings- both membrane like
hooked together to work as one
Elm sawfly adult
Hymenoptera wings
Sawfly larvae
Amazing insect facts
• Larvae eat 3-4 times
their weight / day in
food
• Aphids can process
100 times weight in
plant sap
• Some insects can
survive being frozen
solid