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Cells
The Basic Unit of Life
By: Ms. McMillan
What is the cell?
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The basic unit of life
Performs many basic
functions to sustain life
Parts of an Eukaryotic Cell
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Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
Centrioles
Nucleolus
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
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Fluid Mosaic model
Semi-permeable
Made mostly of
cholesterol
Has channels that allow
certain things in
Osmosis- diffusion of
water across a membrane
Nucleus
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Center of the cell
Contains all the genetic
information
Has two membranes:
inner and outer
Has DNA
Present in all eukaryotic
cells
1 per cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Two types are the rough and the smooth
Rough is continuous with the nuclear membrane
and contains ribosomes
Ribosomes makes the proteins
Smooth ER makes the lipids (fats)
Golgi Apparatus
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Packages proteins for
exit out of the cell
Looks like sacs
Has two sides a cis and a
trans
Present in all animal cells
Mitochondria
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The Power house of the
cell
Makes all the energy in
the form of ATP
ATP means Adenosine
Triphosphate
Has folds called cristae
which increases the
surface area
Lysosomes
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Single membrane
organelles
House enzymes used for
degradation
Degrades proteins
Garbage disposal of the
cell
Cytoplasm
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Liquid substance within the plasma membrane
Contains proteins, salts and organelles
Centrioles
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Small set of microtubules
arranged in a certain way
Play a major role in cell
division
NOT present in most
plants and fungal cells
Nucleolus
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Contains RNA for
manufacturing protein
Plant Cell
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Has cell wall
Cell wall is rigid and
present only in plants
and prokaryotes
Has chloroplasts that are
used for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
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Food producers of the
cell
Found in plants and
some protists
Responsible for
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll – pigment
that gives plants their
green color
Vacuole
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Storage bubbles found in
cells
Found in both animal &
plant cells
Larger in plant cells
Stores food or nutrients
Can store waste
Prokaryotic Cell
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Prokaryotic = prenucleus
No membrane bound
organelles
Have cell wall and
cytoplasmic membrane
DNA free floats in
cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cell Wall
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Composed of subunits found nowhere else in nature
Produces symptoms of disease
Site of action of some of the most effective antibiotics