Download Plant Cell Information

Plant Cell Information
By: Becky McGuire
Cell Structure
• A. Cell: basic structural and physiological
unit of all life.
2 types
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1. Prokaryotes: cells without a nucleus
--genetic material not enclosed in membrane
--no nucleus in cells; no internal organelles
--single, circular DNA in cytoplasm
2. Eukaryotes: cells with a nucleus, genetic
material surrounded by membrane
• --humans, multi-cellular organisms, algae,
protozoa
• --cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• --double helix DNA
Plant vs. Animal Cells
• Plants have: large vacuoles, cell wall,
chloroplasts
• --Plants don’t have: lysosomes, centrioles,
pseudopods, flagella/cilia
• --Animals cells don’t have chloroplasts, cell
wall
Cell Composition
• 90% fluid (cytoplasm)=amino acids,
proteins, glucose, etc
Structures of a Cell
• A. Cell walls: encloses all organelles
• B. Plasma membrane: made of
phospholipid bilayer membrane. Clear and
thin, lines cell wall
• C. Protoplast: inside of cell/cellular
contents. Cytoplasm is liquid that covers
inside of cell
Structures of a Cell
• D. Organelles: internal structures within
protoplast.
• 1. leucoplasts: store oil, starch, proteins
• 2. chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, store starch,
contain DNA
• 3. mitochondria: site of respiration and produce
energy. Use ATP to convert food into usable
energy, through aerobic respiration
Structures of a Cell
Organelles, cont.
• 4. nucleus: contains chromosomes (DNA) (DNA
is also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts
• 5. Vacuoles: storage for waters, sugars, salts
• 6. Endoplasmic reticulum: synthesizes (breaks
down) proteins. Transport network for molecules.
• --Rough: has ribosomes/sheets
• --Smooth: no ribosomes/tubes
• --Ribosomes: RNA goes here for translation into
specific proteins
Structures of a Cell
Organelles, cont
• 7. Golgi Apparatus: breaks down and
secretes glucose
• 8. Microtubles: make up cilia