Download Cells\Sec 2 - Eukaryotes

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Golgi
apparatus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Membranes
Double layer of Phospholipids – barrier
Proteins embedded in lipids
Receptors, Carriers & Connections
Fluid Mosaic Model – membrane is a liquid
with proteins floating around in it.
Selectively permeable – only certain things
can pass in or out of the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Cell membranes lipid bilayer.
Lipid bilayer
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Protein molecules embedded within.
Carbohydrate
chains
Proteins
Protein
channel
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Walls
Cell Wall
The main function of the cell wall is to provide
support and protection for the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Cytoplasm
Mostly made up of water
Contains all cell organelles
Carries out all cell chemistry
Moves by cytoplasmic streaming
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The Nucleus is the control center of the cell.
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The nucleus is
surrounded by a
double membrane.
The membrane has
many large pores.
Nuclear
envelope
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
Chromatin consists of DNA bound to protein.
Chromosomes are coiled
chromatin strands.
Chromatin
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
Most nuclei also contain a nucleolus.
The nucleolus is where RNA is produced.
Nucleolus
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
produce energy for
the cell.
Mitochondria have a double
membrane.
The inner membrane (cristae) is
highly folded.
The cristae contain enzymes for
respiration.
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Double layered membranes
3-D system of canals folding back and forth around the
cell
The endoplasmic reticulum is a
transport system for proteins.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER is covered with ribosomes.
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes.
Ribosomes produce all cell proteins.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Size Lab - Data Table
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi packages proteins from the ER
for storage in the cell or secretion out of
the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi appears as a stack of membranes with
many vesicles around it.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are filled with digestive enzymes.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
Vacuoles
Single membrane sacs for storage.
Types:
Water vacuoles
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuoles
Pigment storage
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
Plant have a single, large
central vacuole.
The pressure provides
internal support.
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
The paramecium contains
a contractile vacuole
that pumps excess water
out of the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts
capture sunlight
and convert it
into chemical
energy during
photosynthesis.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes.
The inner membrane is stacked (grana).
The grana contain enzymes for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that provides support &
movement movement.
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
• Microfilaments – thin, thread-like
• microtubules – hollow tubes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus to organize
cell division.
There are 2 at right angles to each other.
Cilia – many, short, whip-like action
Flagella – few, long, propeller action
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible
as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials
and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins.
b. modify proteins.
c. sort proteins.
d. package proteins.
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one
place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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