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BIOLOGY
CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Fourth Edition
Neil A. Campbell • Jane B. Reece • Lawrence G. Mitchell • Martha R. Taylor
CHAPTER 8
The Cellular Basis of
Reproduction and Inheritance
Modules 8.1 – 8.3
From PowerPoint® Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
How to Make a Sea Star — With and Without Sex
• The life cycle of a multicellular
organism includes
– development
– reproduction
• This sea star embryo (morula) shows one stage
in the development of a fertilized egg
– The cluster of cells will continue to divide as
development proceeds
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Some organisms can also reproduce asexually
– This sea star is regenerating a lost arm
– Regeneration results from repeated cell
divisions
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELL DIVISION
AND REPRODUCTION
• Cell division is at the heart of the reproduction
of cells and organisms
• Organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8.1 Like begets like, more or less
• Some organisms make exact copies of
themselves, asexual reproduction
Figure 8.1A
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Other organisms make similar copies of
themselves in a more complex process, sexual
reproduction
Figure 8.1B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8.2 Cells arise only from preexisting cells
• All cells come from cells
• Cellular reproduction is called cell division
– Cell division allows an embryo to develop into an
adult
– It also ensures the continuity of life from one
generation to the next
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8.3 Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission
• Prokaryotic cells divide asexually
– These cells possess a single chromosome, containing
genes
– The chromosome is replicated
– The cell then divides into two cells, a process called
binary fission
Prokaryotic chromosomes
Figure 8.3B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Binary fission of a prokaryotic cell
Plasma
membrane
Prokaryotic
chromosome
Cell wall
Duplication of chromosome
and separation of copies
Continued growth of the cell
and movement of copies
Division into
two cells
Figure 8.3A
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings