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ORGANELLES
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Cell parts that carry
out specific life
functions within the
cell
NUCLEUS
Large oval structure
 Acts as the “brain” of the
cell
 Control center that directs
all of the cell’s activities
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NUCLEOLUS
Small round structure
in nucleus
 Makes ribosomes
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CHROMATIN
Inside the nucleus
 Thin strands of genetic
(inherited) material
 Contains instructions for
ALL cell functions
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NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Surrounds nucleus
 Controls what goes in and
out of the nucleus
 Protects the nucleus
 a.k.a. nuclear “envelope”
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CYTOPLASM
Clear thick gel-like fluid
 Holds organelles that carry
out life processes of the
cell
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GOLGI BODIES
Look like flattened sacs
and tubes
 Receive and package
proteins and other
materials for the cell
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VACUOLES
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Large round water filled sacs
Storage area
Very large in PLANT CELLS
Most plant cells have ONE large one
Some animal cells have many small
ones
Store food, water and wastes
MITOCHONDRIA
Rod or cigar shaped
 “powerhouse” of the cell
 Produce most of the energy
needed for cell functions
 Muscle cells have lots of
these
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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Looks like a maze of tubes
Carries proteins and other materials
around the cell
When ribosomes are near it … it is
called “rough”
Without ribosomes… it is called
“smooth”
RIBOSOMES
Some attach to the
endoplasmic reticulum
 Some float free in the
cytoplasm
 Small grain-like bodies
 Make proteins
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LYSOSOMES
Small round structures
 Contain strong chemicals
that break down materials
 Release substances that can
be used again
 Has a double membrane

Cell’s clean up and recycling
crew
 More common in animal cells
than plant cells
 Called “suicide sacs”
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CHLOROPLASTS
Only in PLANT CELLS
 Large green structures
 Capture sunlight and use
it to make food for the cell
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CELL WALL
PLANT CELLS only
 Rigid layer of non-living
material
 Protects and supports the
cell
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CELL MEMBRANE
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Holds all the contents of the cell
Controls what goes into and out of the
cell