Download Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function (Chap. 7)

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and
Function (Chap. 7)
AP Biology
Mr. Orndorff
September, 2004
Size
range of
cells
(Fig. 7.1)
Cell fractionation (Fig. 7.3)
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells
(Fig. 1.4)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
• Include cyanobacteria,
eubacteria, and
archaebacteria
• Cells contain single loop
of DNA in cytoplasm
• Average size: 1-10 um
• Lack membrane-bound
organelles.
• Great metabolic
diversity
• Include protists, fungi,
plants, and animals
• Cells contain multiple
linear DNA molecules
inside nuclear envelope
• Average size: 10-100 um
• Have membrane-bound
organelles.
• Limited metabolic
diversity
A prokaryotic cell (Fig. 7.4)
Eukaryotic cell types
PLANT CELL
(Fig. 7.8)
ANIMAL CELL
(Fig. 7.7)
Surface area/volume ratio
(Fig. 7.5)
Plasma membrane (Fig. 7.6)
Nucleus
and its
envelope
(Fig. 7.9)
Ribosomes (Fig. 7.10)
Endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 7.11)
Golgi apparatus (Fig. 7.12)
Lysosomes (Fig. 7.13)
Lysosome formation and
function (Fig. 7.14)
Plant cell vacuole (Fig. 7.15)
Endomembrane system (Fig. 7.16)
Eukaryotic cell types
PLANT CELL
(Fig. 7.8)
ANIMAL CELL
(Fig. 7.7)
Mitochondrion (Fig. 7.17)
Chloroplast (Fig. 7.18)
Model of
origin of
eukaryotes
(Fig. 28.2)
Prokaryotes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Single loop of DNA
Same as
prokaryotes
Same as
prokaryotes
Divide by fission
Same as
prokaryotes
Same as
prokaryotes
Ribosomes present
for protein synthesis
Same as
prokaryotes
Same as
prokaryotes
Size range from 110 um
Same as
prokaryotes
Same as
prokaryotes
Peroxisomes (Fig. 7.19)
Cytoskeleton (Fig. 7.20)
Elements of cytoskeleton
(Table 7.2)
Microtubules
Microfilaments
(actin filaments)
Hollow tubes
Two intertwined
(25 nm)
strands (7 nm)
Tubulin globular Actin globular
protein
protein
CompressionTension-bearing
resisting girders elements
Intermediate
filaments
Super coiled
strands (8-12 nm)
Keratin fibrous
protein
Tension bearing
elements
Motor
molecules
and the
cytoskeleton
(Fig. 7.21)
Centrosome
containing a
pair of
centrioles
(Fig. 7.22)
Flagella vs. cilia (Fig. 7.23)
Ultrastructure of eukaryotic
flagellum or cilium (Fig. 7.24)
Dynein
“walking”
moves cilia
and flagella
(Fig. 7.25)
Dynein arms
Microfilaments
in a structural
role
(Fig. 7.26)
Microfilaments
and motility
(Fig. 7.27)
Plant cell walls (Fig. 7.28)
Extracellular matrix of animal cell
(Fig. 7.29)
Intercellular junctions in animals
(Fig. 7.30)