Download Cells and Organelles

Cells and Organelles
What are cells?
• They are the basic unit of life
• They are made of up organelles or “little
organs”
• Nucleus -controls most of the cell’s
processes and contains the instructions
for making proteins
• Nuclear Envelope- surrounds the
nucleus, and controls what enters and
exits nucleus
• Nucleolus- in nucleus, where the
assembly of proteins begins
• Chromatin- made of DNA and protein
• Ribosomes- assembles protein
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- folded
membrane that forms a network of
interconnected compartments that allow
molecules and atoms to move through
cell
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- E.R.
that contains ribosomes
• Golgi Apparatus- modifies, sorts and
packages proteins that come from the
endoplasmic reticulum
• Lysosomes- has digestive enzymes that that
breaks down excess or warn down cell parts,
food particles and invading viruses and
bacteria
• Vacuoles- storage place in cell
• Mitochondria- in animal cells, convert
chemical energy (glucose) into energy the
cell can use (ATP)
• Chloroplasts- in plant cells, capture energy
from sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy through the process of photosynthesis
• Cytoskeleton- network of protein
microfilaments and microtubules that
provides support and structure for cell
• Centrioles- in animal cells, help the cell
divide (mitosis) by forming spindle fibers
• Cell Membrane- surrounds cell,
regulates what enters and leaves cell
and is made of a phosphobilipid layer
• Cell Wall- in plant cells, provide support
and structure for cell
• Cytoplasm- material in cell, not
including nucleus and cell membrane
• Microtubules and microfilaments- small
hollow rod of protein that provides
structure
• Flagellum- a whip-like projection outside
of the cell membrane that helps the cell
move
• Cilia- thin projections on the outside of
the cell membrane that help the cell
move