Download Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Notes

Microbiology –Unit 3
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Introduction - Cells
• All living organisms have cells
• Basic unit of structure
• Large organisms – many cells
• Cells are organized into:
– Tissues
– Organs
– Systems
Classification of Organisms
- Eukaryotes - All
multicellular
organisms and
unicellular organisms
(except 2)
- Examples: mammals,
fish, plants, fungi,
algae and protozoa
- Prokaryotes - Only
bacteria and
cyanobacteria
Definitions
-Prokaryote:
- Simple cell
- No nucleus
- No organelles
- Only cell membrane
.
Definitions
Eukaryote:
- Complex cell
- Has a nucleus
- Has organelles
- Has cell membrane
Prokaryotes - Very Small Cells
- Cell wall – gives shape and protection
- Cell membrane - lines cell wall and regulates
molecular traffic
- Nucleoid region – Area where single strand
of DNA is – not membrane bound
Prokaryotes - Very Small Cells
-Cytoplasm – Contains a
soup of chemicals,
plus ribosomes - All
cell activities occur
here
-Flagella – Not all
bacteria have them – If
they do it is a single
strand of protein
Eukaryotes –Larger Cells
- Cell Wall (if present) – gives
shape and protection
- Cell Membrane – lines the
cell wall and regulates
molecular traffic
- Nucleus – contains double
stranded DNA organized
into chromosomes, and
RNA, all within a nuclear
membrane
Eukaryotes –Larger Cells
- Cytoplasm - soup of
chemicals for all cell
activities, that
contains membranebound organelles
- - Flagella – If
present, it is a more
complex, cable-like
arrangement of
protein strands
Euglena