Download The Cell

Dr. Brasington
5/22/2017
 The most basic living unit of the human
body.
 Roughly 30-75 trillion cells with
common architecture.
 Divided into 3 main parts:
 Plasma membrane: envelopes the
entire cell
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
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 Large structure, usually found in the center of the cell,
composed of double membrane that contains nucleic
acids.
 Contains DNA, regulates protein synthesis and cell
division. Also contains RNA.
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 Allow the transport of water soluble molecules across
the nuclear membrane: i.e.: RNA and ribosomes.
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 Small spheres containing RNA and proteins.
 **The site of RNA synthesis**
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 Threadlike material composed of DNA
and protein.(Red lines in diagram and
lab models.)
 Found throughout the nucleoplasm.
 Contains the genes which control
protein synthesis.
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Chromatin
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 Envelopes entire cell, separating the intracellular space
from the extracellular space.
 Lipid bilayer with peripheral proteins attached and
integral proteins extending through the membrane.
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 Mixture of water, salts, and organic molecules
combined to form a thick fluid and organized
structures called organelles.
 Region between plasma membrane and nucleus.
 Cellular metabolism and other activities that maintain
the cell.
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 Branching tubules without ribosomes.
 Winds and twists through cytoplasm.
 **Site of lipid and carbohydrate
assembly.**
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 Branching tubules with attached ribosomes.
 Extends between nucleus and plasma membrane.
 **Site of protein synthesis.**
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 Very small, spherical structures composed of 60%
RNA and 40% protein.
 Either attached as RER or free floating in the
cytoplasm.
 Provide attachment sites for mRNA during protein
synthesis.
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 “Power house” of the cell.
 Spherical or sausage- shaped with inner folded
membrane.
 Found randomly throughout cytoplasm.
 Site where nutrients are broken down and ATP is
produced during cellular respiration.
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 Series of flattened, disc-shaped sacs; “stack of
pancakes”.
 Usually near nucleus with secretory vesicles near
plasma membrane.
 Prepares and packages cellular products for transport.
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 Small, spherical vesicles randomly spread throughout
the cytoplasm.
 Contains enzymes that breakdown materials brought
into cell, or releases enzymes out of cell.
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 Composed of 9 groups of 3 microtubules in cylindrical
form.
 Near the nucleus in the centrosome.
 Participate in cell division by forming the mitotic
spindle.
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