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Cell Structure and Function
Parts of a Cell: Organelles
I. Types of Cells
A. Prokaryotic Cells
1.Pro = “Before”, Karyo = “Nucleus”
2. No organized nucleus & simple structure
3. Examples: Bacteria, Cyano-bacteria
B. Eukaryotic Cells
1.Eu = “Good”, Karyo = “Nucleus”
2.Membrane bound nucleus & structures called
organelles
3. Plant and Animal cells
II. Organelles
A. Nucleus
1. Control center of the
cell
2. Starts cell division
and contains DNA
and RNA
3. Surrounded by a
nuclear membrane
Organelles
B. Cell Membrane
1. A cell membrane
separates the inside of
the cell from the outside
2.They are not-rigid, but
fluid and semi-permeable
3.They control which
molecules come in and
out of the cell
Organelles
C. Mitochondria
1.“Power House” of the
cell
2. Carry out respiration
a. Breaks down the
glucose and converts
it into ENERGY and
CO2
Organelles
D. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
1.Network of folded
membranes in a cell
2. Manufacture and
transport chemicals
throughout the cell
3. Two types:
Smooth ER and
Rough ER
Organelles
E. Golgi Bodies
1. System of flattened
membranes
2. Responsible for
packaging and
processing proteins
3. Works with the
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Organelles
F. Ribosomes
1. Ribosomes are
where all proteins are
made
2. Can be found in the
cells nucleus, rough
endoplasmic
reticulum, or free
floating
Organelles
G. Lysosomes
1. Digest molecules;
old organelles, and
foreign substances
Organelles
H. Cytoplasm
1.Jelly-like fluid that
fills the cell
I. Cytoskeleton
1.Internal structure or
skeleton of a cell
2.Gives strength to
cell
3. Anchors organelles
in place
III. Organelles: Plant Cells
A. Plant cells have a few additional Organelles
Organelles:Plant Cell
B. Cell Wall
1. Rigid layer around
a plant cell
2. Gives structure and
form to plant cells
3. Made of Cellulose
Organelles: Plant Cell
C. Chloroplast
1.“Power house” for a
plant cells
2.Converts sunlight
into usable energy for
the plant
3.Contains a large
amount of green
pigment; responsible
for the plant color
Organelles: Plant Cell
D. Vacuole
1.Store enzymes
2. Remove and store
metabolic waste from
the cell
3. Holds water
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