Download The Cell - Mater Academy Lakes High School

Discovery of Cells
• Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry
on all the processes of life.
Discovery of Cells
• Leewenhoek was one of first inventors of
microscope and therefore one of first to
describe microscopic organisms and living
cells.
Discovery of Cells
• Hooke named them
cells & influenced
others to explore their
existence.
The Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of 1 or more
cells
2. Cells are basic units of structure and
function in an organism.
3. Cells come from preexisting cells.
The Cell
There are 2 types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
1. No nuclear membrane
2. No membrane bound organelles (except
ribosomes!)
3. Found only in Kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
4. Extremely small
Eukaryotic
1. Definite membrane bound nucleus
2. Contains membrane bound organelles
3. Found in Kingdom Animal,
Plant, Fungi, & Protista
4. Slightly larger
Factors governing cell size
• Functions of the cells; More activity, more
organelles, larger cells
• Surface area: Volume Ratio
(small animal, high metabolism)
Cell Organelles
1. Nucleus- Control center of cell;
surrounded by a double-layered
membrane. (Nucleolus= Houses DNA)
Cell Organelles
2. Golgi ApparatusShipping Plant. Flat
membranous sacs
(like pancake stack).
Function: synthesis,
storing, shipping
materials.
Cell Organelles
3. Lysosomes- Garbage disposal &
collection. Sacs full of disgestive enzymes.
Some store food.
Cell Organelles
4. Vacuoles- Also
digestive sacs. Pump
out excess material,
digestion, store food.
Mostly in plants &
protists.
Cell Organelles
5. Mitochondria- Power plant. Location
where energy is produced (cell respiration).
Double membrane (outer-smooth; innerfolded called cristae). Has own DNA
Cell Organelles
6. Chloroplast- Site of photosynthesis.
Double membrane (outer-smooth; innerstacks of coins call thylakoid membrane).
Special plastid only in plant cells.
Sunlight + H20 + CO2 = Glucose + O2
Cell Organelles
7. Cytoskeleton- Cell skeleton.
Support & movement. Microtubules
(hollow) & microfilaments (solid).
Cilia & flagella are special
microtubules on the outside of cells
for movement.
Cell Organelles
8. Ribosome- Protein Synthesis. Works w/
RNA. Small round organelles in cytoplasm
& on endoplasmic reticulum.
Cell Organelles
9. Endoplasmic ReticulumHighway of cell.
a. Rough ER- Has ribosomes.
Protein synthesis and
movement.
b. Smooth ER- lipid production
& movement
Cell Organelles
10. Cell Wall- Made of
cellulose. Only in plant and
bacteria cells. Provides
stability and framework.
Cell Organelles
11. Cytoplasm- liquid part of cell
12. Cell Membrane- Boundary of the cell.
Semipermeable.
Cell Organelles
13. Centrioles- special microtubules that
assist in mitosis (cell reproduction).
Centriole