Download Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and

Chapter 2: The Cell and Its Functions
Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12 edition
Organization of the Cell
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Water
Ions
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Physical Structure of the Cell
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The Cell Membrane
a.
b.
c.
d.
Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic)
Peripheral proteins
Integral proteins
Membrane carbohydrates (glycocalyx)
Cytoplasm and Its Organelles
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Endoplasmic reticulum
a. Smooth and rough
Organelles (cont.)
• Ribosomes
• Golgi Apparatus
Organelles (cont.)
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Lysosomes
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Peroxisomes
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Secretory Vesicles
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Mitochondria
Organelles (cont.)
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Cell Cytoskeleton
a. Microtubules
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microfilaments
Organelles (cont.)
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Nucleus
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Nuclear membrane and nucleopores
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Nucleoli and the formation of ribosomes
Functional Systems of the Cell
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Endocytosis
a. Pinocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Function of the lysosome
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Functional Systems (cont.)
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Synthesis and Formation of Cellular Structures
a. Proteins formed by the Rough ER
b. Synthesis of lipids by the Smooth ER
c. Other functions of the ER
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Specific Functions of the Golgi Apparatus
a.
b.
c.
d.
Processing of ER secretions
Formation of vesicles
Formation of lysosomes
Replenishing cellular membranes
Functions of the Mitochondria
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Production of ATP
Mitochondria (cont.)
Chemical Processes in
the formation of ATP
Mitochondria (cont.)
Uses of ATP for Cellular
Function
Locomotion of Cells
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Ameboid Movement
a. Mechanism of ameboid locomotion
b. Control of movement
c. Types of cells involved
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Cilia and Ciliary Movements